Stabilization of old unapproachable workings of XIII seam in kari jore using ground penetrating radar

The ground penetrating radar (GPR) system is used for solving problems like detection of underground voids that cause the instability of different surface features and structures at shallow depth in an unapproachable area. Seam XIII, which was developed on the boundary of Kushunda-Industry Collieries of Bharat Coking Coal Limited (BCCL) at shallow cover around Kari Jore is now on fire on either side of jore and unapproachable. The main objective of this paper is to explore the actual underground strata conditions using GPR so that underground strata should be stabilized by hydraulic sand stowing and coal can be extracted safely and economically from this area

In-seam seismic application for detecting inhomogeneties in coal seams - a review

Mechanized coal winning systems require thorough knowledge of seam structure for planning of layout as well as selection of machines. In-seam seismic method can be used to study seam structure, thereby existence of inhomogeneties such as faults, dykes, sills, thinning of seams, washouts, etc. The basic principle of in-seam seismic technique involved survey of reflected and refracted seismic waves to detect the inhomogeneties. Among the two types of seam waves that are Rayleigh-type and Love-type, the latter is of more practical interest in in-seam seismic method. The paper describes the the principles by which the various inhomogeneties can be detected in the coal seams

Geophysical well-logging techniques for environmental problems - a review

Men’s desires for prosperity and better quality of life prelude to more and more domestic and industrial wastes. There is serious waste disposal problems in developed countries, India started experiencing these problems since the onset of waste disposal is to decide the dumping site which must not be detrimental The pith of the above discussion is that if the dumping site underlays with fractured and permeable sediments or rocks, migration of the wastes will contaminate surface and groundwater. In view of serious water pollution in industrial area and also contaminated groundwater due to leaching from the wastes, the selection of appropriate dumping site is an important aspect. Here, geophysical well logging techniques can play an important role. This review paper covers the principles and applications of different well logging techniques for determining porosity, permeability, density and temperature of the underground environment

Exploration of subsurface strata conditions for a limestone mining area in India with ground-penetrating radar

A study has been conducted for the exploration of underground voids and strata conditions at shallow depth in a limestone mine of Mani-kgarh Cement at Maharashtra in India. The Manikgarh Cement is surrounded with high-quality limestone having platy formations with excessive fractures and fissures. A perennial river, the Amal Nala, is flowing across the middle of limestone mining lease of the Manikgarh Cement Captive Mine. The impact of this water body on the mining is the central theme of this study. Excavation of limestone is in progress in different blocks on both sides of the Amal Nala. For the purpose of planning it was necessary to know the ground conditions of the area surrounding the Amal Nala so that seepage of the water can be checked. If there is no adverse impact due to deepening of mining activity, the minerals lying at depth can be safely exploited. A ground-penetrating radar (GPR) survey was carried out in the mining lease area to investigate the condition of the strata (status of fractures, cracks, cavities, etc., through which seepage or water percolation takes place). The results of this survey reveal that solid compact layers exist from the surface to depths varying from 2 to 5 m only along the three sections G1G1, G2G2 and G3G3 (lying in the mining area of the Manikgarh limestone along both sides of the Amal Nala). Fractured/weathered rocks and solution cavities exist from the surface to depths varying from 4 to 16.5 m. Therefore, extraction of limestone is possible only to depths of 2 to 5 m from the surface in this mining area. If extraction continues below this depth, the seepage of water from the Amal Nala will start due to the presence of enormous fractures and cavities (solution holes) in the underlying limestone strata. In addition, the water of the Amal Nala will be disturbed, which is the main water reservoir of this area