Augmented Session Similarity Based Framework for Measuring Web User Concern from Web Server Logs

In this paper, an augmented sessions similarity based framework is proposed to measure web user concern from web server logs. This proposed framework will consider the best usage similarity between two web sessions based on accessed page relevance and URL based syntactic structure of website within the session. The proposed framework is implemented using K-medoids clustering algorithms with independent and combined similarity measures. The clusters qualities are evaluated by measuring average intra-cluster and inter-cluster distances. The experimental results show that combined augmented session dissimilarity metric outperformed the independent augmented session dissimilarity measures in terms of cluster validity measures

IS THE JURIDICAL FIELD OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAW IN INDIA GENDERED? A STUDY OF ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE IN GOA THROUGH AN ECOFEMINIST LENS

The aim of this study is to examine whether the “juridical field,” as defined by Bourdieu, of environmental law in India (Goa), is gendered. As per Bourdieu, the legal field is neither as neutral nor as autonomous as the legal profession asserts it is. It relies heavily on the juridical practices of universalization, appropriation, and naming or categorization in order to constantly reimagine and negotiate its own boundaries. This study examines these juridical practices including acts of symbolic violence committed in the process of ‘naming’ or ‘defining’ within legal terms extra-legal concepts, mainly environmental toponyms, such as, ‘“forest,” “CRZ” (Coastal Regulation Zone), “wildlife sanctuary,” “national park,” and “ESZ” (Eco-sensitive Zone). The dataset for analysis comprises legal judgements passed by the Goa Bench of the Bombay High Court, or the Supreme Court of India, or the National Green Tribunal (NGT) on civil environmental disputes in Goa, where one of the aggrieved parties (appellant or defendant) is the Goa Foundation. A total of 17 cases met the parameters for the study. The points in each case were divided into one of 4 categories or quadrants – in court-gendered, in court-not gendered, out of court-gendered, and out of court-not gendered. The analysis of the quadrants per se did not reveal any overt evidence of gendering. One of the reasons is that the arguments and judgments in the cases do not take an ecofeminist view at all. If they did, not only would the outcome of this study be different, but so would the outcomes of some the legal cases used in this study. If the juridical field were to adopt an ecofeminist view, it would overall be more sensitive towards acknowledging the nexus between women’s issues and the environmental crises. This study endeavors to instigate further academic dialogue on the inherently gendered intersection of legal, economic, and environmental fields, and thereby influence public policy in ways that will help narrow the gender disparity evident in environmental law in India

Phase transitions in Lu2_2Ir3_3Si5_5

We report the results of our investigations on a polycrystalline sample of Lu$_2$Ir$_3$Si$_5$ which crystallizes in the U$_2$Co$_3$Si$_5$ type structure (Ibam). These investigations comprise powder X-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity and high temperature (120-300 K) heat capacity studies. Our results reveal that the sample undergoes a superconducting transition below 3.5 K. It also undergoes a first order phase transition between 150-250 K as revealed by an upturn in the resistivity, a diasmagnetic drop in the magnetic susceptibility and a large anomaly (20-30 J/mol K) in the specific heat data. We observe a huge thermal hysteresis of almost 45 K between the cooling and warming data across this high temperature transition in all our measurements. Low temperature X-ray diffraction measurements at 87 K reveals that the compound undergoes a structural change at the high temperature transition. Resistivity data taken in repeated cooling and warming cycles indicate that at the high temperature transition, the system goes into a highly metastable state and successive heating/cooling curves are found to lie above the previous one and the resistance keeps increasing with every thermal cycle. The room temperature resistance of a thermaly cycled piece of the sample decays exponentialy with time with a decay time constant estimated to be about 10$^4$ secs. The anomaly (upturn) in the resistivity and the large drop (almost 45%) in the susceptibility across the high temperature transition suggest that the observed structural change is accompanied or induced by an electronic transition.Comment: 7 figures, 1 table and 18 reference