Initial experience of erector spinae plane block in patients undergoing breast surgery: A case series

Postoperative pain after breast surgery is difficult to manage owing to its complex innervation. Recently, erector spinae plane (ESP) block, an interfacial block, has been described to provide pain relief after thoracic and abdominal surgeries, multiple rib fractures, and neuropathic thoracic pain. Local anesthetic injected in the erector spinae muscle sheath at the level of the 5th thoracic transverse process is distributed cranially and caudally along the sheath, and to the paravertebral space through apertures in the anterior sheath wall. This may block the dorsal and ventral rami of the thoracic spinal nerves at multiple vertebral levels and the rami communicantes transmitting autonomic fibers to and from the sympathetic ganglia, causing multidermatomal somatic and visceral analgesia. The present case report demonstrates the adequate perioperative analgesia provided by the ultrasound-guided ESP block in patients undergoing various breast surgeries

A Comprehensive Analysis of Technology in Aeroponics: Presenting the Adoption and Integration of Technology in Sustainable Agriculture Practices

Aeroponics is a soilless farming method in which plants are grown by sprinkling a nutrient-rich fluid over their roots. Aeroponics has changed as a result of technology, which now offers advantages including automated nutrient supply, environmental management, and plant health monitoring. A key area of concern in light of the rising global food demand, climate change, and environmental issues is sustainable agriculture. This article highlights the integration of technology, sustainability, and socio-economic elements in modern agriculture by methodically examining the development of aeroponics practices from conventional ways to innovative modern techniques. When agronomic practices are viewed historically, they show a shift from labor-intensive, antiquated techniques to precision-based, technology-driven processes. Even though they were sustainable, traditional methods frequently had efficiency and scalability issues. A big change came with the arrival of the Green Revolution, which brought synthetic inputs and high-yield crop varieties. However, a reevaluation towards more sustainable practices was spurred by the approaches' long-term ecological implications. Precision agriculture, which makes use of sensor-based monitoring systems, artificial intelligence (AI), satellite and drone technologies, is a major feature of modern agronomy breakthroughs. According to the systematic research, Industry 4.0 and sensor technology are the most often used technologies in aeroponics. Numerous advantages, including time efficiency and sustainability, have come from these technologies. On the other hand, the research focused on power dependence and technical complexity as the primary obstacles in technology-assisted aeroponics

Erector Spinae Block a safe, simple and effective analgesic technique for major hepatobiliary surgery with thrombocytopenia

Hepatobiliary surgeries are associated with severe pain, and coagulopathy. Adequate pain control is vital and difficult to achieve for these patients. Epidural analgesia is considered the routine standard technique for the management of both somatic and visceral pain from major abdominal surgeries until now. However, it is invasive, blind and carries the risk of dural or vascular puncture. Coagulopathy found in patients posted for hepatobiliary surgery further increases the concerns. We found ultrasound guided erector spinae plane block as a safe, simple yet an effective alternative to epidural analgesia for postoperative pain management of hepatobiliary surgeries. Keywords: Erector Spinae Block, Thrombocytopenia, Hepatic surger

Fields of Balance: An Extensive Analysis of Conventional and Organic Agriculture in the Contemporary Era

By 2050, it is projected that there will be 10 billion people on the planet who need to be fed. Meeting these demands and maintaining environmental protection will be greatly dependent on the paradigms of conventional and organic agriculture. By following the historical origins of these two agricultural paradigms and examining their methods, effects, financial implications, and contributions to global food security, this review critically analyses them. We draw emphasis to the environmental footprints, paying special focus to biodiversity, greenhouse gas emissions, water management, and soil health. A deeper examination of consumer safety, community dynamics, and global market trends will be included in the discussion of the health effects of food produced in both systems and their societal ramifications. This review makes the case for an integrated approach to agriculture that makes use of best practices from both worlds by identifying the advantages and disadvantages of both farming systems. The goal of this harmonisation is to build a sustainable agricultural future that feeds people and maintains the planet's natural equilibrium

Application of Robotics, Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning in Modern Agriculture Technology: A Review

In order to determine their potential impact in the field of agriculture, the proposed work aims to review the various artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, with a focus on expert systems, robots designed specifically for agriculture, and sensors technology for data collection and transmission. These techniques include fuzzy logic (FL), artificial neural network (ANN), genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimisation (PSO), artificial potential field (APF), simulated annealing (SA), deep learning. The application of AI techniques and robots in cultivation, monitoring, and harvesting is not highlighted in any literature, making it difficult to compare each one simultaneously based on popularity and usefulness while also understanding how each contributes to the agricultural industry. With knowledge of the extent of AI engaged and the robots used, this paper compares three crucial agricultural phases: cultivation, monitoring, and harvesting. The current study offers a comprehensive analysis of over 200 publications that cover the use of automation in agriculture as of 1960 and 2021. It draws attention to the unmet research needs for developing intelligent, self-governing agricultural systems. The frequency of various AI, robotics and deep learning techniques for particular applications in the agriculture industry round out the article