Yield Potential of Co\u3csub\u3e4\u3c/sub\u3e Napier Hybrid Bajra (\u3ci\u3ePennisetum perpureum schumach.\u3c/i\u3e) Fodder Crop Under Irrigated Conditions in India

A field trial on Co4 was conducted at ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar during 2013-14 to 2017-18 to study the effect of harvesting season/time on green, dry matter yield and morphological parameters. Data shows that yield of Co4 was increased from first year 2013-14 to third year 2015-16 and decreased in fourth year of plantation of crop. Regrowth of ratoon crop was good as it was in first year crop, it may be concluded that crop can be grown upto 5-6 years. The crop yield of first year and second year as par with fifth year. Maximum green fodder yield 307.7 q/ha in 2015-16. In 5th year (2017-18), ratooning yield was at par 301.3 q/ha with 2nd to 4th year (2014-15 to 2016-17). Good package of practices are recommended for ratooning to get good yield as well as economic production for long time 5-6 years of ratooning. The crop Co4 produced maximum green fodder yield (307.7 q/ha) in Aug-Sep

Abdominal scar endometriosis-a dilemma in diagnosis

Abdominal scar endometriosis is a rare disease with an incidence of 0.03-0.15%. Its diagnosis is often confused with other conditions like hematoma, granuloma, keloid, incisional hernia and vascular malformation. We are reporting two cases of abdominal scar endometriosis with some diagnostic dilemmas. In first case it was previously reported as stitch granuloma due to atypical clinical presentation. In second case CT scan reported it to be a likely neoplastic lesion. In both the cases, wide excision of the lesion with a safe margin was planned and was further confirmed by histopathology. On follow up both patients are currently asymptomatic

Determining Differential Effects of Interleukin-2 on Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells in Lymphoid Organs and the Gastrointestinal Tract

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a pleiotropic cytokine demonstrated to be effective in treating cancer. However, the clinical use of IL-2 can be associated with severe side effects including gastrointestinal toxicity (GT). Similar GT symptoms are observed in inflammatory diseases such as CD (CD). Interestingly mounting evidence indicates a role for IL-2 in CD, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Indeed, studies on the in-vivo activities of IL-2 have mostly focused on secondary lymphoid organs and immune cells associated with them. Very few studies have addressed how IL-2 signals impact populations of immune cells in the gut. Here, we aim to identify and compare the effects of systemic IL-2 administration on six major leukocyte population and their subsets in mice using multicolor flow cytometry. While we confirmed previously observed changes in specific immune cell populations in the spleen, very few changes were seen in the gut and gut associated lymphoid tissues. Unexpectedly, a sharp decline was seen in B cells, most notably in Peyer\u27s Patches, in mice treated with IL-2. Our data furthermore indicates that B cells in IL-2 treated mice undergo enhanced apoptosis in Peyer\u27s Patches. Some studies suggest that changes in B cells may contribute to development of CD. Thus, this study may aid in defining ways in which IL-2 can contribute to disease etiology, and lead to novel treatments for CD

Household Consumption in a Developing Country and its Response to External Shocks

Using household-level data from Thailand, I document the existence of non-homothetic preferences and consumption smoothing. I find that households consume a higher share of food items at lower budget levels and a higher share of non-food items at higher budget. Households in Thailand can smooth consumption to a large extent, but not perfectly. I then investigate household consumption response to a government spending shock and a negative productivity shock, identified via drought. A significant result isthat the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) given a government spending shock isdecreasing in the liquidity of a household and financial development of the region. I find that food consumption falls during a drought shock, with no significant change in non-food consumption. I also discuss different margins of adjustment such as labor supply, scale of business, and balance sheet adjustments response that households may employ to ensure consumption smoothing during a drought.Doctor of Philosoph

Coronavirus Pathogenesis and the Emerging Pathogen Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

COVID-19, the ailment brought about by SARS-CoV-2, is an exceptionally infectious illness. The World Health Organization has proclaimed the progressing episode to be a worldwide general wellbeing crisis. Right now, the exploration of SARS-CoV-2 is in its essential stages. In view of the currently distributed proof, this audit methodically sums up the study of disease transmission, clinical attributes, findings, treatment, and anticipation of COVID-19. It is trusted that this survey will assist the general population in recognizing and managing SARS-CoV-2, and it will serve as a reference for future investigations

Ultrasonographic placental localisation and extent of invasion in scarred versus non-scarred uterus and its correlation with obstetrical outcomes: a prospective study

Background: The site of implantation and resultant location of the placenta within the uterus are likely important determinants of placental blood flow and therefore pregnancy success. Abnormal placental implantation or ‘placental invasion’ is a rare, but potentially life‐threatening, complication in the third stage of labour. Currently massive obstetric haemorrhage remains one of the leading causes of maternal mortality. Methods: 140 antenatal women at ≥34 weeks of gestation were selected, out of which 70 had the history of previous caesarean section and 70 had the history of previous vaginal delivery. Detailed USG was done with special emphasis on edge to os distance (EOD), extent and depth of invasion of placenta. All cases were followed till delivery and their intraoperative assessment done and correlated with sonographic findings and obstetrical outcomes. Results: With increasing number of previous caesarean section, depth and extent of invasion of placenta increases and edge to os distance (EOD) decreases. 8.5% cases with previous 1 caesarean section, 22.22% cases with previous 2 caesarean section and 50% cases with previous >2 caesarean section had some adherence of placenta. Conclusions: Uterine scar increases chances of low implantation of placenta as well as its adherence as compared with unscarred uterus. This risk increases with number of caesarean sections. These high-risk cases of scarred uterus especially those with multiple scars should be subjected to detailed sonographic scan by expert radiologist