Heterogeneous delays making parents synchronized: A coupled maps on Cayley tree model

We study the phase synchronized clusters in the diffusively coupled maps on the Cayley tree networks for heterogeneous delay values. Cayley tree networks comprise of two parts: the inner nodes and the boundary nodes. We find that heterogeneous delays lead to various cluster states, such as; (a) cluster state consisting of inner nodes and boundary nodes, and (b) cluster state consisting of only boundary nodes. The former state may comprise of nodes from all the generations forming self-organized cluster or nodes from few generations yielding driven clusters depending upon on the parity of heterogeneous delay values. Furthermore, heterogeneity in delays leads to the lag synchronization between the siblings lying on the boundary by destroying the exact synchronization among them. The time lag being equal to the difference in the delay values. The Lyapunov function analysis sheds light on the destruction of the exact synchrony among the last generation nodes. To the end we discuss the relevance of our results with respect to their applications in the family business as well as in understanding the occurrence of genetic diseases.Comment: 9 pages, 11 figure

Exploring the Interactions between Sexuality, Law and Gender in Early India: : A Case Study of the Mānavadharmaśāstra

This paper seeks to analyse and decode the numerous precepts/legal codes on sexual crimes and their respective punishments, as gleaned from the Mānavadharmaśāstra. The central concern is to delve upon the manner in which the three important categories of Sexuality, Gender and Law/ethics intersected with each other, and what does a combined analysis of these manifest, regarding the socio-cultural system of Early India. A close reading of the text reveals that before the prescription of punishments for crimes like adultery, male sexual assault and female sexual assault, its composer Manu takes into due consideration both the offender and the victim’s caste, class, gender, and other important categories, like, mental and physical condition, age, frequency of the crime, etc. In fact, the present study reveals that these categories have a direct bearing on the public and private nature of repentance, or the penance (prāyaścitta) and punishment (daṇḍa) binary. However, the very idea of criminalizing sexual activities, even where the consent (anumati) of the participating individuals is involved, something we find extensively in the Mānavadharmaśāstra, points towards a larger aim, which in my understanding was an attempt to control the sexual desire of the populace at large, and impose psychological control or ‘self-censorship’. A closer reading of the text reveals that unbridled sexual activity was discouraged even within the socially and ritually sanctified institution of marriage. And while legal techniques were employed to control sexual interactions outside marriage, a range of social solutions or norms were prescribed to encourage and convince people of the benefits of exercising self-control over their desires. A gendered reading is therefore bound to offer some fresh insights on the socio-psychological and legal aspects at work in the construction and representation of sexuality in the Mānavadharmaśāstra

Synchronization in Delayed Multiplex Networks

We study impact of multiplexing on the global phase synchronizability of different layers in the delayed coupled multiplex networks. We find that at strong couplings, the multiplexing induces the global synchronization in sparse networks. The introduction of global synchrony depends on the connection density of the layers being multiplexed, which further depends on the underlying network architecture. Moreover, multiplexing may lead to a transition from a quasi-periodic or chaotic evolution to a periodic evolution. For the periodic case, the multiplexing may lead to a change in the period of the dynamical evolution. Additionally, delay in the couplings may bring upon synchrony to those multiplex networks which do not exhibit synchronization for the undelayed evolution. Using a simple example of two globally connected layers forming a multiplex network, we show how delay brings upon a possibility for the inter layer global synchrony, that is not possible for the undelayed evolution.Comment: 6 pages, 9 figure

Impact of leader on cluster synchronization

5 pages, 5 figuresNon peer reviewedPostprin

Role of delay in the mechanism of cluster formation

We study the role of delay in phase synchronization and phenomena responsible for cluster formation in delayed coupled maps on various networks. Using numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the presence of delay may change the mechanism of unit to unit interaction. At weak coupling values, same parity delays are associated with the same phenomenon of cluster formation and exhibit similar dynamical evolution. Intermediate coupling values yield rich delay-induced driven cluster patterns. A Lyapunov function analysis sheds light on the robustness of the driven clusters observed for delayed bipartite networks. Our results reveal that delay may lead to a completely different relation, between dynamical and structural clusters, than observed for the undelayed case.Comment: 4+ pages, 4 figues, PRE Rapid Communication (in press

To study prevalence and treatment efficacy of sexually transmitted diseases in patients attending gynaecology outpatient department of tertiary care hospital

Background: Sexually transmitted infection (STI) is a significant public health problem in developing countries, including India. STI and its complications cause a huge health and economic burden over our country. STIs also enhance the transmission of HIV. To screen, prevent and treat this disease WHO has recommended “syndromic approach”. This study was conducted to estimate the local burden of this serious disease with the aim to determine its prevalence and efficacy of syndromic management measured as symptomatic improvement.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out for a period of three years from April 2013 to March 2016. All the patients attending gynecology OPD were screened for the presence of an STI and HIV. A detailed history and clinical examination was conducted after informed consent, maintaining privacy and confidentiality. Treatment was given in the form of syndromic management; counseling and partner management and patients were followed up after 7 to 14 days. Improvement in symptoms was noted as “relieved”.Results: Proportion of STI patients was found to be 32.21%. The most common STI diagnosed was VCD (56.20%), followed by LAP (43.3%). Most commonly affected age group was 25 to 44 years. Proportion of HIV positive among all STI patients was 0.35% and that of serological syphilis was 0.23%. The overall efficacy of treatment was 67.38%. 17.54% patients were not relieved and 15.07% did not come for follow up. The STI was found to be more prevalent in condom non users and in those having more number of child birth and abortions.Conclusions: With high incidence of STI, the syndromic approach proves to be an important tool in its screening and early treatment. Most of STIs are preventable and curable. Hence educating people, promoting condom use and wide and consistent implementation of screening methods may lead to reduction in the disease burden

Biodiversity of water borne conidial fungi in Narmada river

Present study was undertaken to find out the number of water borne conidial fungi in river Narmada at Amarkantak region. The dominant water borne conidial fungi Lunulospora curvula and Triscelephorus monosporus were found 90% of fungi were found in leaves. Total of 35 fungi were recorded form foam, leaves, and twig analysis