Crime Against Women On Rampage In India: An Analytical Study

Abstract: Crime against women is an age old phenomenon deep rooted in the male dominated socio-economic – political -legal order. Since her birth women is in bondage of the patriarchal society. There is an attempt to control and intimidate women by controlling the decision making process this leads to crime against women. Since her birth till her death women struggles for an equal place along with men and to live her life with dignity in the society

Buddhism in Sarnath: An Account of Two Chinese Travellers

This paper aims to draw the religious life in Sarnath (and Varanasi) as accounted by the Chinese travellers—Fa-Hien and Hiuen-tsang. The accounts not only talk about the stupas, pillars, statues built by King Ashoka; vihars and monks (bhikshus) living in those vihars but also contain the first preachings of Lord Buddha, establishment of Sangha and the story of Mrigajataka that remain significant. With the increased popularity of Buddha dharma in China, the Chinese were attracted towards travelling to India. They came to India mainly with the intentions to visit the places related to the fond memories of Lord Buddha, to study the Buddha religion and philosophy and carry the copies of the Buddhist compositions. Fa-Hien and Hiuen-tsang occupy significant places among these Chinese travellers. These accounts can be associated with ancient history as well as with historical geography, religion and philosophy. While Fa-hien in his journey details had described about the Buddha Empire, Hiuen-tsang highlighted the civilisation of India and its cultural landscape, albeit it has been often accepted by the historians that these accounts of their journeys should be considered as significant only when they are backed by historical evidences. They opine that these travellers were mainly influenced by the Buddha dharma and therefore, their accounts are liable to containing exaggerated journey details. It is true that the journey details contain few imaginary instances; nevertheless, these accounts have been validated by the remnants, stupas and vihars at the sites

Pregnancy outcome in overt hypothyroidism

Background: To study the pregnancy outcomes in terms of miscarriage, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, placenta previa, placental abruption, preterm labour, preterm PROM, rate of caesarean section, postpartum hemorrhage, premature birth, low-birth weight, fetal distress in labour, fetal death and congenital anomalies.Methods: The studied subjects included all pregnant women reported to the hospital for a period of one year (November 2012 to October 2013). They were subjected to detailed history, general physical, systemic, local examinations, routine investigations, thyroid function tests (serum TSH, T3, T4) and divided into two groups, Group-I: Overt hypothyroidism (TSH >10Mu/L; T3 and T4 <normal) and Group-II: Euthyroid pregnant women (control group).Outcomes of study group were compared with control group. The data was analyzed using computer software Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 19.0 for Windows. Chi square test was performed to evaluate statistical significance. A p-value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: 17045 women reported to hospital during one year period and after applying exclusion criteria 14810 women qualified. Out of these, 14770 pregnant women were found euthyroid and 40 (0.23%) women were overt hypothyroid. Pregnancy outcome like miscarriage (p<0.001), placental abruption (p<0.03), preterm premature rupture of membrane (p=0.003), low birth weight (p<0.001) and premature birth (p=0.003) was found to be statistically significant.Conclusions: Due to adverse pregnancy outcome, women in early pregnancy should be screened for thyroid disorder and those found hypothyroid should be treated

POUR after spinal anesthesia in lower limb orthopaedic surgeries-a prospective study

Background: Postoperative urinary retention (POUR) is a common problem with overall rates looking at the entire surgical population quoted between 4% and 6%. POUR has been defined as the inability to void in the presence of a full bladder.Methods: This was a prospective, single-centre, observational study conducted between June 2015 to December 2016 at a tertiary care centre of Northern India. The study group enrolled 186 patients undergoing various lower limb surgeries under spinal anesthesia.Results: In the present study, out of 186 patients, 101 patients were male and 85 patients were female. Most of the patients were in the 41-60 years age group (78) followed by 72 patients were in the >61 years age group. 21 patients (11.29%) suffered with post operative urine retention (POUR) in whom catheterization was required, the incidence of POUR in joint replacement surgeries was 20.96% (13/62). In the present study incidence of POUR was more in males (12 patients) as compared to females (9 patients). POUR was more common in the elderly age group.Conclusions: By carefully identifying patients at risk, adopting appropriate anesthetic techniques and perioperative care principles and accurately monitoring bladder volume by ultrasound, POUR may be prevented and the associated morbidity minimized. Hence it becomes imperative to evaluate the true incidence and consequences of POUR in large prospective clinical studies. Spontaneous micturition should remain a criterion for discharge after spinal anaesthesia