I/O Workload in Virtualized Data Center Using Hypervisor

Cloud computing [10] is gaining popularity as it’s the way to virtualize the datacenter and increase flexibility in the use of computation resources. This virtual machine approach can dramatically improve the efficiency, power utilization and availability of costly hardware resources, such as CPU and memory. Virtualization in datacenter had been done in the back end of Eucalyptus software and Front end was installed on another CPU. The operation of performance measurement had been done in network I/O applications environment of virtualized cloud. Then measurement was analyzed based on performance impact of co-locating applications in a virtualized cloud in terms of throughput and resource sharing effectiveness, including the impact of idle instances on applications that are running concurrently on the same physical host. This project proposes the virtualization technology which uses the hypervisor to install the Eucalyptus software in single physical machine for setting up a cloud computing environment. By using the hypervisor, the front end and back end of eucalyptus software will be installed in the same machine. The performance will be measured based on the interference in parallel processing of CPU and network intensive workloads by using the Xen Virtual Machine Monitors. The main motivation of this project is to provide the scalable virtualized datacenter

Chronobiotic effect of melatonin following phase shift of light/dark cycles in the field mouse Mus booduga

The objective of this study was to assess whether melatonin accelerates the re-entrainment of locomotor activity after 6 h of advance and delay phase shifts following exposure to LD 12:12 cycle (simulating jet-lag/shift work). An experimental group of adult male field mice Mus booduga were subjected to melatonin (1 mg/kg) through i.p. and the control group were treated with 50 % DMSO. The injections were administered on three consecutive days following 6h of phase advance and delay, at the expected time of "lights off". The results show that melatonin accelerates the re-entrainment after phase advance (29%) when compared with control mice. In the 6 h phase delay study, the experimental mice (melatonin administered) take more cycles for re-entrainment (51%) than the control. Further, the results suggest that though melatonin may be useful for the treatment of jet-lag caused by eastward flight (phase advance) it may not be useful for westward flight (phase delay) jet-lag

Leveraging Genomic Associations in Precision Digital Care for Weight Loss: Cohort Study

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the urgency of addressing an epidemic of obesity and associated inflammatory illnesses. Previous studies have demonstrated that interactions between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and lifestyle interventions such as food and exercise may vary metabolic outcomes, contributing to obesity. However, there is a paucity of research relating outcomes from digital therapeutics to the inclusion of genetic data in care interventions. Objective: This study aims to describe and model the weight loss of participants enrolled in a precision digital weight loss program informed by the machine learning analysis of their data, including genomic data. It was hypothesized that weight loss models would exhibit a better fit when incorporating genomic data versus demographic and engagement variables alone. Methods: A cohort of 393 participants enrolled in Digbi Health’s personalized digital care program for 120 days was analyzed retrospectively. The care protocol used participant data to inform precision coaching by mobile app and personal coach. Linear regression models were fit of weight loss (pounds lost and percentage lost) as a function of demographic and behavioral engagement variables. Genomic-enhanced models were built by adding 197 SNPs from participant genomic data as predictors and refitted using Lasso regression on SNPs for variable selection. Success or failure logistic regression models were also fit with and without genomic data. Results: Overall, 72.0% (n=283) of the 393 participants in this cohort lost weight, whereas 17.3% (n=68) maintained stable weight. A total of 142 participants lost 5% bodyweight within 120 days. Models described the impact of demographic and clinical factors, behavioral engagement, and genomic risk on weight loss. Incorporating genomic predictors improved the mean squared error of weight loss models (pounds lost and percent) from 70 to 60 and 16 to 13, respectively. The logistic model improved the pseudo R 2 value from 0.193 to 0.285. Gender, engagement, and specific SNPs were significantly associated with weight loss. SNPs within genes involved in metabolic pathways processing food and regulating fat storage were associated with weight loss in this cohort: rs17300539_G (insulin resistance and monounsaturated fat metabolism), rs2016520_C (BMI, waist circumference, and cholesterol metabolism), and rs4074995_A (calcium-potassium transport and serum calcium levels). The models described greater average weight loss for participants with more risk alleles. Notably, coaching for dietary modification was personalized to these genetic risks. Conclusions: Including genomic information when modeling outcomes of a digital precision weight loss program greatly enhanced the model accuracy. Interpretable weight loss models indicated the efficacy of coaching informed by participants’ genomic risk, accompanied by active engagement of participants in their own success. Although large-scale validation is needed, our study preliminarily supports precision dietary interventions for weight loss using genetic risk, with digitally delivered recommendations alongside health coaching to improve intervention efficac

Circadian pacemaker coupling by multi-peptidergic neurons in the cockroach Leucophaea maderae

Lesion and transplantation studies in the cockroach, Leucophaea maderae, have located its bilaterally symmetric circadian pacemakers necessary for driving circadian locomotor activity rhythms to the accessory medulla of the optic lobes. The accessory medulla comprises a network of peptidergic neurons, including pigment-dispersing factor (PDF)-expressing presumptive circadian pacemaker cells. At least three of the PDF-expressing neurons directly connect the two accessory medullae, apparently as a circadian coupling pathway. Here, the PDF-expressing circadian coupling pathways were examined for peptide colocalization by tracer experiments and double-label immunohistochemistry with antisera against PDF, FMRFamide, and Asn13-orcokinin. A fourth group of contralaterally projecting medulla neurons was identified, additional to the three known groups. Group one of the contralaterally projecting medulla neurons contained up to four PDF-expressing cells. Of these, three medium-sized PDF-immunoreactive neurons coexpressed FMRFamide and Asn13-orcokinin immunoreactivity. However, the contralaterally projecting largest PDF neuron showed no further peptide colocalization, as was also the case for the other large PDF-expressing medulla cells, allowing the easy identification of this cell group. Although two-thirds of all PDF-expressing medulla neurons coexpressed FMRFamide and orcokinin immunoreactivity in their somata, colocalization of PDF and FMRFamide immunoreactivity was observed in only a few termination sites. Colocalization of PDF and orcokinin immunoreactivity was never observed in any of the terminals or optic commissures. We suggest that circadian pacemaker cells employ axonal peptide sorting to phase-control physiological processes at specific times of the day

Hishimonus Ishihara 1953

Key to species of the genus <i>Hishimonus</i> Ishihara from Indian subcontinent (for males) (Modified from Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy (2014) <p>1. Aedeagal shafts with one pair of basal processes (Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy 2014: Figs 52, 84).................. 13</p> <p>- Aedeagal shafts without pair of basal processes (Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy 2014: Figs 58, 69)................... 2</p> <p>2. Apices of aedeagal shafts broad, either rounded or truncate (Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy 2014: Figs 144, 171), but not filiform..............................................................................................3</p> <p>- Apices of aedeagal shafts filiform (Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy 2014: Figs 59, 70, 78, 84, 93)...................... 6</p> <p> 3. Apices of shafts tightly curved mesally (Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy 2014: Fig. 182).......... <i>H. sonapaharensis</i> Rao</p> <p>- Apices of aedeagal shafts not so curved mesally (Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy 2014: Figs 142, 171)................. 4</p> <p>4. Aedeagal shafts widely divergent......................................................................... 5</p> <p> - Aedeagal shafts convergent, without enlarged posteromedial lobe (Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy 2014: Figs 142, 145), gonopore at midlength of shafts (Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy 2014: Fig. 144)........... <i>H. mayarami</i> Rao & Ramakrishnan</p> <p> 5. Apices of aedeagus with enlarged posteromedial lobe (Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy 2014: Fig. 171); gonopore near apex of shaft (Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy 2014: Fig. 171)......................................... <i>H. phycitis</i> (Distant)</p> <p> - Aedeagus with subapical lamellate expansion along lateral margin (Fig. 7), with lobe like median process in lateral view, gonopore apical (Fig. 6).......................................................................... <i>H. adi</i> sp. nov.</p> <p>6. Aedeagal shafts triangularly expanded subapically either in lateral (Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy 2014: Fig. 79) or posterodorsal view (Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy 2014: Fig. 109)............................................... 7</p> <p>- Aedeagal shafts not triangularly expanded subapically (Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy 2014: Figs 93, 156)..............8</p> <p> 7. Aedeagal shafts strongly abruptly tapered in lateral view beyond triangular expansion and concavely excavated (Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy 2014: Fig. 79)......................................................... <i>H. concavus</i> Knight</p> <p> - Aedeagal shaft abruptly narrowed and strongly recurved in lateral view without concave excavation (Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy 2014: Fig. 110)..................................................... <i>H. gillespiei</i> Dai, Fletcher & Zhang</p> <p>8. Aedeagal shafts in lateral view forked (Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy 2014: Figs 70, 93, 158).......................10</p> <p>- Aedeagal shafts in lateral view not forked (Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy 2014: Fig. 59).............................9</p> <p> 9. Aedeagal shaft evenly tapered in lateral view, convergent in posterior view (Meshram & Chaubey 2016: Figs 21-22)......................................................................................... <i>H. nauniensis</i> Meshram</p> <p> - Aedeagal shaft widened distally, abruptly lobed subapically at the base of filamentous process, filamentous process in lateral view anteriorly curved (Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy 2014: Fig. 59)...... <i>H. acuminatus</i> Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy</p> <p>10. Aedeagal shafts each with a short, lateral, dorsally directed process at level of gonopore.............................11</p> <p>- Aedeagal shafts without process at level of gonopore (Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy 2014: Figs 97, 156)............ 12</p> <p> 11. Aedeagal shaft bifurcated apically, preapical process unbranched(Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy 2014: Figs 91, 93)............................................................................................ <i>H. dividens</i> Knight</p> <p> - Aedeagal shaft bifurcated apically, preapical process bifurcated (Meshram & Chaubey 2016: Figs 29-30)............................................................................................. <i>H. pantnagarensis</i> Meshram</p> <p> 12. Aedeagal shafts tapered distad of gonopore (Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy 2014: Fig. 154)............ <i>H. nielsoni</i> Knight</p> <p> - Aedeagal shafts tapered at level of gonopore (Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy 2014: Figs 69, 70)....... <i>H. arcuatus</i> Knight</p> <p>13. Subgenital plates with terminal fingerlike process (Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy 2014: Fig.47).................... 14</p> <p>- Subgenital plates without terminal fingerlike process (Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy 2014: Fig. 117)................ 20</p> <p> 14. Aedeagal shafts shorter than length of basal processes (Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy 2014: Figs 134, 136)........................................................................... <i>H. longisetosus</i> Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy</p> <p>- Aedeagal shafts longer than length of basal processes (Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy 2014: Figs 52, 84, 190)..........15</p> <p>15. Basal processes arising very close to adjacent shaft (Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy 2014: Figs 52, 202).............. 16</p> <p>- Basal processes arising between but slightly distant from base of shaft (Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy 2014: Figs 84, 97, 190)................................................................................................... 17</p> <p> 16. Aedeagal shafts in lateral view broadest subapically (Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy 2014: Fig. 203)...................................................................................... <i>H. thapai</i> Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy</p> <p> - Aedeagal shafts in lateral view, broad at base and tapering distally (Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy 2014: Fig. 51).............................................................................................. <i>H. aberrans</i> Knight</p> <p> 17. Basal processes arising anterad of shafts on dorsal apodeme (Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy 2014: Figs 221, 222)....................................................................... <i>H. zeylanicus</i> Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy</p> <p>- Basal processes arising between shafts (Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy 2014: Figs 84, 190)......................... 18</p> <p> 18. Aedeagal shafts each with subapical mesal rounded lobe in posterodorsal view and apical thin filamentous process (Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy 2014: Fig. 84)................................. <i>H. distinctus</i> Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy</p> <p>- Aedeagal shafts without subapical rounded lobe in posterodorsal view; apical process when present thicker (Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy 2014: Figs 97, 192)..................................................................... 19</p> <p> 19. Posterior lobe of pygofer not spiculate (Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy 2014: Fig. 54); aedeagal shaft in lateral view, triangular subapically, apex gradually tapered(Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy 2014: Fig. 98).................................................................................................... <i>H. dwipae</i> Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy</p> <p>- Posterior lobe of pygofer strongly speculate, basal processes about half as long as shaft............................ 20</p> <p> 20. Aedeagal shafts in posterior view with inner margins diverging, slightly convexly rounded subapically and in lateral view abruptly tapered, basal processes more close to shaft (Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy 2014: Fig. 192)................................................................................... <i>H. spicans</i> Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy</p> <p> - aedeagal shaft in ventral view (Fig. 28) with inner margin diverging from base in basal half and curved inwardly, rounded apically, lateral view evenly tapered, basal processes close to each other than to shaft................................................................................................ <i>H</i>. <i>knightiellus</i> Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy</p> <p> 21. Basal process of aedeagus long narrow and closely opposed, each with row of small teeth along distal half on lateral surface (Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy 2014: Fig. 213); posterior margin of female seventh sternum with notched median lobe (Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy 2014: Fig. 214)............................................ <i>H. viraktamathi</i> Knight</p> <p> - Basal process of aedeagus with basal half broad, then gently curved dorsally with serrations on dorsal surface (Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy 2014: Figs 118, 119); posterior margin of female seventh sternum without median rounded lobe (Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy 2014: Fig. 122).......................................................... <i>H. indicus</i> (Sohi)</p>Published as part of <i>Singaravel, M. & Singaravel, M., 2020, A new species of the genus Hishimonus Ishihara, 1953 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae Deltocephalinae) with a new record from India, pp. 131-137 in Zootaxa 4750 (1)</i> on pages 133-134, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4750.1.7, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3702917">http://zenodo.org/record/3702917</a&gt

A new species of the genus Hishimonus Ishihara, 1953 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae Deltocephalinae) with a new record from India

Singaravel, M., Singaravel, M. (2020): A new species of the genus Hishimonus Ishihara, 1953 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae Deltocephalinae) with a new record from India. Zootaxa 4750 (1): 131-137, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4750.1.

Hishimonus knightiellus Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy 2014

<i>Hishimonus knightiellus</i> Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy, 2014 (Figs10-20) <p> <i>Hishimonus apricus</i> Knight, 1970:135 (Sec.hom.)</p> <p> <i>Hishimonus knightiella</i> Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy, 2014:107 (n.nov. pro <i>H. apricus</i> Knight 1970, nec H. apricus (Melichar 1903)</p> <p> <i>Hishimonus knightiellus</i> Viraktamath & Murthy 2014: Du & Dai 2019: 10-11</p> <p>Head, pronotum and scutellum yellow with green tinge (Fig. 10). Vertex with two small light brown spots near apex, two squarish light brown patches one on either side of coronal sulcus. Pronotum greenish brown, mottled with dark brown patches. Face pale yellow (Fig. 12). Forewings creamy white with pale brown spots between veins, distal half of apical cells more darkly mottled; median spot well defined with pale brown margin (Fig. 10-11).</p> <p> <i>Male genitalia</i>: Pygofer (Fig. 13) laterally longer than wide, macrosetae confined to conically round posterior lobe. Valve 2.04x wider than long (Fig. 14). Subgenital plates broadly rounded at base, with terminal finger like process approximately 1/3 rd of the total plate length (Fig. 19). Style approximately 3.75x as long as wide at base; preapical lobe well developed with few hair like setae, apophysis digitate (Fig. 20). Stem of connective (Fig. 15) shorter than arms. Aedeagus in lateral view (Fig. 18) curved at base with acute apex, shaft with basal processes placed between shafts; aedeagal shaft in ventral view (Fig. 17) with inner margin diverging from base in basal half and curved inwardly, rounded apically, basal processes not widely splayed, closer to each other than to shaft, about half as long as shaft, blunt end, gonopore subapical on ventral margin.</p> <p> <b>Measurement.</b> Male 3.44mm long, 1.06 mm wide across eyes.</p> <p> <b>Material Examined.</b> INDIA: 1♂, Haryana: Panchkula 365m, 30.74°N, 76.80°E, 16.iii.2016, at light, Stuti (NPC).</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Hishimonus knightiellus</i> was earlier described from Borneo, Malaysia, Sri Lanka and China (the type was not examined in the present work). It is here recorded for the first time from India (Haryana). It closely resembles <i>H. spicans</i> Viraktamath & Murthy but can be distinguished in having the pygofer lobe with many stout macrosetae over the dorsocaudal quarter; aedeagal basal processes not widely splayed, closer to each other than to shaft, about half as long as shaft, with blunt ends; and gonopore subapical on ventral margin (Figs 16 – 18). We provide photographic illustrations which complement the earlier descriptions given by Viraktamath and Anantha Murthy (2014).</p>Published as part of <i>Singaravel, M. & Singaravel, M., 2020, A new species of the genus Hishimonus Ishihara, 1953 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae Deltocephalinae) with a new record from India, pp. 131-137 in Zootaxa 4750 (1)</i> on page 135, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4750.1.7, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3702917">http://zenodo.org/record/3702917</a&gt

Hishimonus adi Singaravel & Singaravel 2020, sp. nov.

<i>Hishimonus adi</i> sp. nov. (Figs 1-9) <p>Head and pronotum yellow with green tinge (Fig. 1). Scutellum light brown with black mottling. Vertex with two small light brown spots near apex and median line running halfway from the posterior margin to apex. Pronotum greenish brown, mottled with dark brown patches. Face pale yellow with transverse brown striations (Fig. 3). Forewings creamy white with pale brown spots between veins, distal half of apical cells more darkly mottled; median spot well defined with discontinuous dark brown border on the anterior half margin (Figs 1–2).</p> <p> <b>FIGS 1–10.</b> <i>Hishimonus adi.</i> sp. nov.1.Habitus dorsal; 2. Habitus lateral; 3. Face; 4. Pygofer; 5. Subgenital plate; 6. Aedeagus lateral; 7. Aedeagus dorsal; 8. Style; 9. Connective</p> <p> <i>Male genitalia</i>: Pygofer (Fig. 4) in lateral view longer than wide, posterior margin conically rounded, macrosetae confined to posterior lobe. Valve wider than long (Fig. 5). Subgenital plates rounded at base, terminal fingerlike process about 3.4 times shorter than total length, long hairlike setae along lateral margin, terminal process with short microsetae (Fig. 5). Style approximately 3.9x as long as wide at base; preapical lobe prominent with few hair like setae, apophysis digitate, 1/3 rd of the total length (Fig. 8). Stem of connective (Fig. 9) as long as arms.Aedeagus with shaft in lateral view (Fig. 6) broad basally, narrowed apically, with lobe like median process; two shafts in posterior view (Fig. 7) widely splayed, broad in middle, narrower at base and apex, with subapical lamellate expansion along lateral margin, gonopore apical.</p> <p> <b>Measurements.</b> Male 3.633mm long, 1.19mm wide across eyes.</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> HOLOTYPE ♂, India: Arunachal Pradesh: Pasighat 173m, 28°04ʹ31ʺN 95°19ʹ19ʺE, 3.vii.2018, at light, Stuti & Tahseen R. Hashmi (NPC).</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> This new species name, a noun, is the name of the group of indigenous “ <i>Adi”</i> people inhabiting the type locality.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Hishimonus adi</i> sp. nov. closely resembles <i>H. phycitis</i> (Distant) and <i>H. diffractus</i> Dai, Fletcher & Zhang but differs in having the aedeagal shaft: with lobe like median process in lateral view which is absent (in <i>H. phycitis</i>) or sharp thorn like on inner margin (in <i>H. diffractus</i>), with subapical lateral lamellate expansion rather than apical lamellation (in <i>H. phycitis</i>) or no lamellation (in <i>H. diffractus</i>) and with apical gonopore opening whereas opens subapically on posterior surface in the later two species.</p>Published as part of <i>Singaravel, M. & Singaravel, M., 2020, A new species of the genus Hishimonus Ishihara, 1953 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae Deltocephalinae) with a new record from India, pp. 131-137 in Zootaxa 4750 (1)</i> on pages 134-135, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4750.1.7, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3702917">http://zenodo.org/record/3702917</a&gt

Effect of Clay and Humicmaterials for the control of nitrate leaching from sandy agroecosystem

The effect of clay and humic materials in the control of nitrate leaching from sandy soil was established through a column experiment. In a PVC column with 3 inches dia and 45 cm length packed with sandy soil, six leaching at 15 days intervals were performed. Nitrogen was added @ 150 kg ha-1. The results of the study indicated the significant influence of clay @ 40 t and humic acid @ 20 kg ha-1 were efficient in the control of NO - and NH + N leached through the column and a corresponding increase of retension of N in soil. The linear equation model was used to ascertain the influence of the physiochemical characteristics on the leaching of nutrients

Observations on the post-natal development of Indian false vampire bat Megaderma lyra (Microchiroptera)

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