The relation between sport orientations and athletic identity among adolescent girl and boy athletes

Les orientations concernant la victoire, les buts d'accomplissement et la compétition sont des médiateurs de la pratique sportive et de l'identité sportive chez les adolescents garçons et filles, avec des différences liées au sex

Sociability and excitement motives of spectators attending entertainment sport events : spectators of soccer and ski-jumping

Utilisation du questionnaire Entertainment Sport Motivation Scale (ESMS) pour identifier les motivations des spectateurs (N=399) et analyse de la relation entre ces motifs et les variables socio-démographiques : âge, sexe et niveau d'éducation

Understanding affirmative action

Affirmative action is a controversial and often poorly understood policy. It is also a policy that has been widely studied by social scientists. In this review, we outline how affirmative action operates in employment and education settings and consider the major points of controversy. In addition, we detail the contributions of psychologists and other social scientists in helping to demonstrate why affirmative action is needed; how it can have unintended negative consequences; and how affirmative action programs can be most successful. We also review how psychologists have examined variations in people's attitudes toward affirmative action, in part as a means for testing different theories of social behavior