Transformation Induced Plasticity TRIP of SAE 52100 Steel during Martensitic and Bainitic Transformations

Transformation induced plasticity TRIP of SAE 52100 steel during quenching is investigated both experimentally and theoretically. TRIP parameter K is determined experimentally for both martensitic and bainitic transformations by using the stressed dilatometry technique. A new method for extraction of for an incomplete transformation is suggested for the martensitic transformation. Theoretical calculations using wellestablished models for the TRIP effect and the results from the literature are used for the justification of the results of this work. The results for bainitic transformation is found to be in good agreement with both the literature and theoretical calculations using Leblond`s model. On the other hand, experimentally determined value is found to be significantly different from the literature. Nevertheless, it is still in reasonable agreement with the calculations using Leblond`s model

Measuring takeover premiums in cross-border M&As: insights from Turkey

We investigate whether the merger announcement dates provided in a popular Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) database, SDC, serve as accurate event dates for estimating the wealth effects of mergers on target firms located in Turkey. We find that 74% of SDC’s merger announcement dates are preceded by merger-related events such as merger rumors, target firms’ search for potential acquirers, and early stage merger negotiation announcements. Target cumulative abnormal return (CAR) estimates around these early dates are almost twice as large as the CAR estimates around SDC’s merger announcement dates. We argue that our findings have implications for the recently flourishing cross-border M&A literature

The law of naval warfare : a comparative analysis in the Islamic law of armed conflict and international humanitarian law

Throughout the previous century, the world focused its armed conflicts mainly on land. As a result, the rules of naval warfare have not been subject to many discussions. However, even if the world did not witness naval battles in the previous years, it does not mean that the states and other entities failed to strengthen and develop their naval forces since the last naval battle. Considering how the majority of the land conflicts are taking place in Muslim territories in this day, it is impossible to ignore the possibility of a naval conflict in Muslim territory. Thus, the importance of understanding and modernizing rules on naval warfare both under Islamic and international humanitarian laws is crucial to make sure that future naval conflicts are just. This article will firstly study the rules on naval warfare in the Islamic law of armed conflict, and analyze its core principles and development. After that, the focus will be placed on the rules on naval warfare under the international humanitarian law. The article will be concluded with an analysis of the relationship between the two laws and how their future should be shaped

On Information Geometrical Structures

Information geometry is a modern differential geometric approach to statistics, in particular theory of information. The main motivation for this expository survey article is the lack of compact material that mainly address to mathematical audience because of the interdisciplinary content. Information geometry simply described as applying the techniques of differential geometry to statistical models, represented as manifolds of probability distributions. This can be done either done by putting the concept of divergences on the center or the Fisher metric. This paper is motivated from the latter approach

Giant Ectopic Ureter Mimicking Pelvic Organ Prolapse: A Case Report

Ectopic ureter is one of the most common urinary tract anomalies. We, herein, present a case of a giant ureter with ectopic orifice, mimicking pelvic organ prolapse, which is the first in the literature. A 59-year-old female patient presenting with frequently recurrent urinary tract infection had grade 3 pelvic organ prolapse. On examination, the organ producing the appearance of prolapse was found to be a right ureter of giant size and was obstructed by a large stone at the distal segment. The proximal end of the ureter ended blindly. After exploration, the stone was removed, the ureter was detached from the urethra, and the lumen was tied off and cut 5 cm proximally. At 6 months postoperatively, the patient is being followed up without any clinical problems. In such cases with nonfunctioning renal segment draining proximally, the chance of cure can be obtained without a need for a comprehensive intervention such as total abdominal ureterectomy

Could Value-Based Purchasing Approach Be Used in Assessment of Healthcare Delivery Outputs?

In spite of increasing expenditures for health services, the lack of improvement in the quality and patient safety at the desired level brought about the search for reform of the reimbursement mechanisms. The main purpose of the present review is a search for a comprehensive answer for the question of "Can Value-based Purchasing (VPB) approach emerged as such kind of quest and applications developed in this context be used to evaluate the outputs of health service delivery?". According to the studies, the VBP approach and especially Hospital Value-based Purchasing Program and Hospital-Acquired Conditions Program which are the two applications developed under this approach can provide effective results in evaluating the outputs in health services and improving quality and patient safety. The data show that the VBP approach in health care has the potential to contribute significantly to improving the quality and patient safety level of the health care service and to keep costs under control. In this context, Hospital Value-based Purchasing and Hospital-Acquired Conditions Programs draw attention in terms of its potential to be implemented especially in the public sphere in our country. The realization of the research and applications in our country aimed at revealing the potential benefits of the mentioned programs will facilitate the evaluation

Circulating Spexin levels in pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes

Background: Several previous studies suggest that SPX plays a role in appetite control and body weight and blood glucose regulation. The aim of this study to determine SPX levels in healthy pregnancies and in gestational diabetes (GDM) and to investigate the association of SPX levels with weight gain and lipid and glucose metabolism in subjects with and without GDM.Methods: A total of 44 women with GDM and 44 women without GDM were randomly enrolled who applied for GDM screening during the 24-28th week of pregnancy. Demographics, blood glucose and lipid profiles and Spexin levels were compared between groups.Results: The mean age, BMI, and weight gain during pregnancy were higher in the GDM group. The LDL cholesterol, Hba1c, SPX and glucose levels in response to OGTT were higher in the GDM group. The SPX levels were correlated with Hba1c and blood glucose levels after OGTT, and were not correlated with the age, BMI, weight gain during pregnancy, lipid parameters, and fasting blood glucose levels in the whole study population.Conclusions: SPX levels were higher in the GDM group compared with non-GDM group and SPX levels were correlated with HbA1c levels and post-OGTT glucose levels but not with fasting glucose levels

Hardening Behavior Characterization of Dual Phase Steels

The requirements for higher passenger safety, improved fuel economy and weight reduction in automobile industry necessitates the usage of advanced high strength steel AHSS grades. Dual phase DP steels are the most widely used one among AHSS. DP steels become increasingly popular, since they provide a combination of sufficient formability at room temperature and tensile strength over 1000 MPa. The current standards for DP steels only specifies yield and tensile strength. Steels from various producers have considerably different composition and microstructure; however they still have the same grade name. Combined with the inherited heterogeneous microstructure, those steels exhibit different strain hardening behavior. The aim of this study is to evaluate the strain hardening behavior of DP800 steels, obtained from different vendors and thus having different compositions and microstructures. The strain hardening behavior was characterized with tensile tests performed along rolling and transverse directions. The microstructure has been characterized with optical and scanning electron microscopes. The martensite fraction, grain size of ferrite and chemical composition has been correlated to the strain hardening behavior. The results show that the steel with more micro-alloying addition has finer ferritic grain size, which cause higher initial strain hardening rate. The steel with higher Mn and Cr has higher martensite fraction, which cause strain hardening rate to be higher at higher strain levels

Serum and follicular fluid concentration of stem cell factor in PCOS

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive-aged women, which affects 5 to 20% of women in the reproductive age worldwide. This study aimed to compare the levels of SCF in serum and follicular fluid of PCOS patients with those of non-PCOS group and to investigate the relationship of SCF levels with ICSI success.Methods: This is an observational case control study that included the patients who underwent ICSI in the Infertility-IVF center at Ankara University Faculty of Medicine and in a private IVF center between March 2016 and February 2017. The study group consisted of 57 PCOS patients diagnosed according to the Rotterdam criteria and the control group consisted of 75 patients with normofollicular and regular menstrual cycles. Serum and follicular fluid samples were taken on day of oocyte retrieval. Serum and follicular fluid SCF levels were determined by ELISA using the SCF ELISA kit..Results: Serum and follicular fluid SCF levels in PCOS patients were found to be lower than in non-PCOS group. sSCF and ffSCF were statistically significantly higher who had clinical pregnancy than those who had no clinical pregnancy in the PCOS group.Conclusions: SCF levels are low in serum and follicular fluid in patients with PCOS and that the increase in SCF levels is associated with an increase in oocyte maturation and clinical pregnancy rates in PCOS.