Fixed parameter tractability of crossing minimization of almost-trees

We investigate exact crossing minimization for graphs that differ from trees by a small number of additional edges, for several variants of the crossing minimization problem. In particular, we provide fixed parameter tractable algorithms for the 1-page book crossing number, the 2-page book crossing number, and the minimum number of crossed edges in 1-page and 2-page book drawings.Comment: Graph Drawing 201

Political Instability and Growth in Dictatorships

We model growth in dictatorships facing each period an endogenous probability of ``political catastrophe'' that would extinguish the regime's wealth extraction ability. Domestic capital exhibits a bifurcation point determining economic growth or shrinkage. With low initial domestic capital the dictator plunders the country's resources and the economy shrinks. With high initial domestic capital the economy eventually grows faster than is socially optimal.dictatorship, growth, political economy, bifurcation

A summary of research relating to reading in the intermediate grades

Purpose: To develop and evaluate a method of quick perception with geography vocabulary to see if; (a) quick perception accelerates growth in comprehension, (b) effects speed of reading, and (c) improves reading ability. Materials used: (1) Vocabulary selected from: a) Atwood, The Americas, b) McConnel, Living in the Americas, c) Smith, World Folk. (2) Durrell-Sullivan Achievement Tests, Intermediate Forms A and B. (3) Oral Reading Tests for Speed from the "Durrell Analysis of Reading Difficulty". (4) Silent Reading and Vocabulary Inventory Tests constructed by the writer. (5) Lantern slide projector; screen; words and phrases typed on amber cellphone, faced with red carbon paper, enclosed in glass slides, hinged with tape at the top [TRUNCATED

High school choral directors’ habitus and the choral editions of Maynard Klein

The purpose of this study is to describe how an editor of choral editions, Maynard Klein (1910–1990), influenced the formation of the educational choral canon and educators’ practices. A secondary purpose is to investigate the choral literature selection practices of educators from 1950–1975. The questions that were used to guide the study were: 1. How did the editions of Maynard Klein influence choral directors at the time? 2. How do choral directors who were active during 1950–1975 describe how they selected choral literature? What were the influences on their selection? To answer these questions, three choral directors who were active during 1950–1975 were interviewed about their selection processes for their materials. The interviews were analyzed using two theoretical concepts of Pierre Bourdieu, habitus and field. The present study used the editions of Maynard Klein to determine whether an editor impacted the habitus of choral directors active prior to 1975 and the field of educational choral literature. An analysis of Klein’s editorial work and the interview transcripts showed that as an editor, Klein impacted directors as well as the educational choral canon by making his editions accessible in several ways. Klein provided tools such as a piano reduction and English translation that made their classroom work easier. These tools influenced the repertoire decisions of teachers and impacted the canon of educational choral music at an important time in its formation

Hydrophobically Modified Polyethyleneimines and Ethoxylated Polyethyleneimines

The modification of the commercially available polymers polyethyleneimines and ethoxylated polyethyleneimines took place with approximately a 3-10% alkylbromide modification followed by, in the case of the polyethyleneimines, a 2-hydroxypropyl modification, using propylene oxide, on the order of 65-70%. The objective was to increase the hydrophobicity of the polymer while keeping the cloud point above 60°C. Another approach taken was to form hydrophobic ethers from ethoxylated polyethyleneimine. We also added a 2-hydroxy ethyl group to a hexylated polyethyleneimine avoiding the use of ethylene oxide or drying EPI

Vicarious Snitching: Crime, Cooperation, and Good Corporate Citizenship

(Excerpt) This Article will examine corporate cooperation and the difficulties it can create for corporate decision-makers. Part I describes the principles of vicarious guilt that give prosecutors the power to demand corporate cooperation. Part II examines how prosecutors exercise their discretion in deciding whether to charge corporations with crimes. In Part III, the Article examines the cooperators. Just as a corporation\u27s guilt is only vicarious, so too its cooperation can be only vicarious. In the end, it is not the corporation that cooperates, but its officers and directors-the men and women who make decisions for the corporation. For these vicarious snitches, the process can be a minefield, filled with conflicting loyalties and inevitable self-interest

Vicarious Snitching: Crime, Cooperation, and Good Corporate Citizenship

(Excerpt) This Article will examine corporate cooperation and the difficulties it can create for corporate decision-makers. Part I describes the principles of vicarious guilt that give prosecutors the power to demand corporate cooperation. Part II examines how prosecutors exercise their discretion in deciding whether to charge corporations with crimes. In Part III, the Article examines the cooperators. Just as a corporation\u27s guilt is only vicarious, so too its cooperation can be only vicarious. In the end, it is not the corporation that cooperates, but its officers and directors-the men and women who make decisions for the corporation. For these vicarious snitches, the process can be a minefield, filled with conflicting loyalties and inevitable self-interest