Jet Veto Clustering Logarithms Beyond Leading Order

Many experimental analyses separate events into exclusive jet bins, using a jet algorithm to cluster the final state and then veto on jets. Jet clustering induces logarithmic dependence on the jet radius R in the cross section for exclusive jet bins, a dependence that is poorly controlled due to the non-global nature of the clustering. At jet radii of experimental interest, the leading order (LO) clustering effects are numerically significant, but the higher order effects are currently unknown. We rectify this situation by calculating the most important part of the next-to-leading order (NLO) clustering logarithms of R for any 0-jet process, which enter as $O(\alpha_s^3)$ corrections to the cross section. The calculation blends subtraction methods for NLO calculations with factorization properties of QCD and soft-collinear effective theory (SCET). We compare the size of the known LO and new NLO clustering logarithms and find that the impact of the NLO terms on the 0-jet cross section in Higgs production is small. This brings clustering effects under better control and may be used to improve uncertainty estimates on cross sections with a jet veto.Comment: 39 pages, 5 figures. v2: journal version. v3: added missing term in calculation, conclusions unchange

Arbitrarily large solutions of the Vlasov-Poisson system

We study smooth, global-in-time solutions of the Vlasov-Poisson system in the plasma physical case that possess arbitrarily large charge densities and electric fields. In particular, we construct two classes of solutions with this property. The first class are spherically-symmetric solutions that initially possess arbitrarily small density and field values, but attain arbitrarily large values of these quantities at some later time. Additionally, we construct a second class of spherically-symmetric solutions that possess any desired mass and attain arbitrarily large density and field values at any later prescribed time

Concentrating solutions of the relativistic Vlasov-Maxwell system

We study smooth, global-in-time solutions of the relativistic Vlasov-Maxwell system that possess arbitrarily large charge densities and electric fields. In particular, we construct spherically symmetric solutions that describe a thin shell of equally charged particles concentrating arbitrarily close to the origin and which give rise to charge densities and electric fields as large as one desires at some finite time. We show that these solutions exist even for arbitrarily small initial data or any desired mass. In the latter case, the time at which solutions concentrate can also be made arbitrarily large.Comment: 19 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1708.0230

Dust Emissivity in the Far-Infrared

We have derived the dust emissivity in the Far-Infrared (FIR) using data available in the literature. We use two wavelength dependences derived from spectra of Galactic FIR emission (Reach et al. 1995). A value for the emissivity, normalised to the extinction efficiency in the V band, has been retrieved from maps of Galactic FIR emission, dust temperature and extinction (Schlegel et al. 1998). Our results are similar to other measurements in the Galaxy but only marginally consistent with the widely quoted values of Hildebrand (1983) derived on one reflection nebula. The discrepancy with measurements on other reflection nebulae (Casey 1991) is higher and suggests a different grain composition in these environments with respect to the diffuse interstellar medium. We measure dust masses for a sample of six spiral galaxies with FIR observations and obtain gas-to-dust ratios close to the Galactic value.Comment: 5 pages, 1 ps file, A&A letter accepte

ISO observations of spirals: modelling the FIR emission

ISO observations at 200 micron have modified our view of the dust component in spiral galaxies. For a sample of seven resolved spirals we have retrieved a mean temperature of 20K, about 10K lower than previous estimates based on IRAS data at shorter wavelengths. Because of the steep dependence of far-infrared emission on the dust temperature, the dust masses inferred from ISO fluxes are a factor of 10 higher than those derived from IRAS data only, leading to gas-to-dust ratios close to the value observed in the Galaxy. The scale-length of the 200 micron emission is larger than for the IRAS 100 micron emission, with colder dust at larger distances from the galactic centre, as expected if the interstellar radiation field is the main source of dust heating. The 200 micron scale-length is also larger than the optical, for all the galaxies in the sample. This suggests that the dust distribution is more extended than that of the stars.A model of the dust heating is needed to derive the parameters of the dust distribution from the FIR emission. Therefore, we have adapted an existing radiative transfer code to deal with dust emission. Simulated maps of the temperature distribution within the dust disk and of the dust emission at any wavelength can be produced. The stellar spectral energy distribution is derived from observations in the ultraviolet, optical and near infrared. The parameters of the dust distribution (scale-lengths and optical depth) are chosen to reproduce the observed characteristics of the FIR emission, i.e. the shape of the spectrum, the flux and the spatial distribution. We describe the application of the model to one of the galaxies in the sample, NGC 6946.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures. Contribution to the proceedings of the workshop "ISO Beyond Point Sources" held at VILSPA 14-17 September 199

Classification of torus bundles that bound rational homology circles

In this article, we completely classify torus bundles over the circle that bound 4-manifolds with the rational homology of the circle. Along the way, we classify certain integral surgeries along chain links that bound rational homology balls and explore a connection to 3-braid closures whose double branched covers bound rational homology 4-balls

Using rational homology circles to construct rational homology balls

Motivated by Akbulut-Larson's construction of Brieskorn spheres bounding rational homology 4-balls, we explore plumbed 3-manifolds that bound rational homology circles and use them to construct infinite families of rational homology 3-spheres that bound rational homology 4-balls. Some of these rational homology 3-spheres are new examples of integer homology 3-spheres that bound rational homology 4-balls, but do not bound integer homology 4-balls. In particular, we find infinite families of torus bundles over the circle that bound rational homology circles, provide a simple method for constructing more general plumbed 3-manifolds that bound rational homology circles, and show that, for example, $-1$-surgery along any unknotting number one knot $K$ with a positive crossing that can be switched to unknot $K$ bounds a rational homology 4-ball.Comment: Added Theorem 1.2, added to exposition, and fixed typo

ENDOCANNABINOID REGULATION OF ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT IN MALE AND FEMALE RATS

The present thesis investigated the contributions of adolescent endocannabinoid signalling to brain and behaviour development in male and female rats. In chapter 2, daily administration of the CB1 antagonist AM251, alone or in tandem with a psychological stressor, increased social interactions, reduced dorsal hippocampal CB1 expression, and increased mPFC GAD67 expression in female rats 24-48 h after treatment, with no effects in males. In chapter 3, adolescent CB1 antagonism reduced anxiety in adult males, with no effects in females. Conversely, adolescent AM251 increased contextual fear in adult females, with no effects in males. In chapter 4, AM251 females spent more time initiating social interactions after a 5-day drug washout period than vehicle females, with no effects in males. To identify brain regions underlying the effects of AM251 on social behaviours, I repeated social interaction testing in vehicle and AM251 females and collected brains for immunohistochemical labelling of EGR-1 as a marker of neural activation in the CA1, CA2, and CA3 subfields of the dorsal hippocampus and the shell and core divisions of the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Consistent with my previous findings, AM251 females spent more time initiating social interactions and had greater EGR-1 cell counts in the NAc shell than vehicle females, with no group differences in the NAc core or in any of the hippocampal subfields investigated. EGR-1 cell counts in the dCA2 were negatively correlated with social interactions in vehicle and AM251 females. A positive correlation between NAc shell EGR-1 cell counts and social interactions was observed only in AM251 females. Regression analysis using drug treatment and EGR-1 cell counts in dCA2 and NAc shell resulted in a model with an adjusted R2 of 0.90. Both drug treatment and EGR-1 cell counts in the dorsal CA2 emerged as unique predictors of individual differences in social interaction, and drug and NAc shell EGR-1 cell counts interacted to significantly predict social interactions in AM251 females only. Together, these studies provide support for sex-specific contributions of endocannabinoid signalling to the development of brain and behaviour in adolescence in male and female rats