136 research outputs found
Uncertainty quantification for functional dependent random variables
International audienceThis paper proposes a new methodology to quantify the uncertainties associated to multiple dependent functional random variables, linked to a quantity of interest, called the covariate. The proposed methodology is composed of two main steps. First, the functional random variables are decomposed on a functional basis. The decomposition basis is computed by the proposed Simultaneous Partial Least Squares algorithm which enables to decompose simultaneously all the functional variables. Second, the joint probability density function of the coefficients of the decomposition associated to the functional variables is modelled by a Gaussian mixture model. A new method to estimate the parameters of the Gaussian mixture model based on a Lasso penalization algorithm is proposed. This algorithm enables to estimate sparse covariance matrices, in order to reduce the number of model parameters to be estimated. Several criteria are proposed to assess the efficiency of the methodology. Finally, its performance is shown on an analytical example and on a nuclear reliability test case
Automated Requirements-based Generation of Test Cases for Product Families
Software product families (PF) are becoming one of the key challenges of software engineering. Despite recent interest in this area, the extent to which the close relationship between PF and requirements engineering is exploited to guide the V&V tasks is still limited. In particular, PF processes generally lack support for generating test cases from requirements. In this paper, we propose a requirements-based approach to functional testing of product lines, based on a formal test generation tool. Here, we outline how product-specific test cases can be automatically generated from PF functional requirements expressed in UML. We study the efficiency of the generated test cases on a case study
L'infiltration des eaux pluviales en milieu urbain : conséquences sur l'écosystÚme aquatique souterrain
International audienceL'urbanisation induit une imperméabilisation des sols et une augmentation du ruissellement, réduisant ainsi la recharge de la nappe souterraine. La gestion des eaux de pluie consiste à les collecter et les infiltrer vers la nappe qui est protégée de la pollution par des processus auto-épurateurs localisés dans le sol et la zone insaturée. Les dynamiques de la matiÚre organique et des micro-organismes ont été suivies dans les eaux de surface et les eaux souterraines en amont et en aval des trois systÚmes d'infiltration (SI). Les teneurs en Carbone Organique dissous (COD) biodégradable et réfractaire ont été mesurées sur l'eau et la croissance des biofilms a été suivie à l'aide des substrats artificiels incubés dans le milieu. Le COD diminue fortement au cours de l'infiltration, mais sa fraction biodégradable demeure plus forte en aval de SI, tout comme les biofilms qui sont stimulés par les infiltrations en biomasse et en diversité. ABSTRACT Urbanization increases impervious surfaces and stormwater runoff reducing groundwater recharge. Stormwater management mainly consists in the collection of rain water and its infiltration to the aquifer, which is protected by the self-purification capacity of the soil and the unsaturated zone. The dynamics of organic matter and microorganisms were studied in surface water and in groundwater upstream and downstream of three stormwater infiltration systems (SIS). Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) concentrations were measured in surface and in ground waters, while biofilm dynamics were studied using artificial substrates incubated in the waters. DOC sharply decrease from surface water to the groundwater, but the biodegradable fraction of DOC was higher downstream than upstream of the SIS and the biofilms were stimulated by the infiltration for both biomass and bacterial diversity
Les fortifications du Frankenbourg à Neubois (67): Rapport intermédiaire
La campagne de fouille de 2019 au Frankenbourg a tout dâabord offert la possibilitĂ© de complĂ©ter les Ă©tudes engagĂ©es sur la fortification gauloise : la structure du rempart a Ă©tĂ© Ă nouveau Ă©tudiĂ©e et la couche sur laquelle est Ă©difiĂ©e la fortification a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©gagĂ©e et prĂ©levĂ©e en vue dâanalyses micromorphologiques. Les sondages ouverts au niveau du rempart infĂ©rieur ont Ă©galement permis la mise au jour des premiĂšres structures liĂ©es Ă lâoccupation du Bas-Empire ; ces deux amĂ©nagements restent toutefois Ă interprĂ©ter. Deux terrasses, situĂ©es peu en amont du rempart ont Ă©galement Ă©tĂ© sondĂ©es : les rĂ©sultats sont relativement maigres et montrent essentiellement lâimportance de lâĂ©rosion dans ces secteurs.Un petit sondage a aussi Ă©tĂ© ouvert Ă lâangle nord-ouest du « mur paĂŻen » afin dâen Ă©tudier la structure. Celle-ci est relativement mal conservĂ©e, une seule assise subsiste, et semble plutĂŽt correspondre Ă une rĂ©fection de la fortification originelle. Une seconde phase de construction inĂ©dite, un mur maçonnĂ© dont les moellons sont liĂ©s au mortier de chaux, a Ă©tĂ© mise au jour, elle pourrait dater du XIIe siĂšcle.Enfin, la totalitĂ© du mobilier mĂ©tallique dĂ©couvert depuis 2014 ainsi que les matĂ©riaux liĂ©s Ă la mĂ©tallurgie du fer dĂ©couverts sur le site ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©s ; tout comme lâimportant lot de monnaies romaines exhumĂ© entre 2018 et 2019
Une ontologie de la culture de la vigne : des savoirs académiques aux savoirs d'expérience
Dans le cadre dâun projet FUI initiĂ© en octobre 2016 (projet winecloud) visant Ă construire un outil de traçabilitĂ© et prĂ©dictif du cycle de la vigne et du vin, un travail sur la collecte et la nature des savoirs a Ă©tĂ© nĂ©cessaire de maniĂšre Ă penser un systĂšme ontologique qui se rapproche le plus du raisonnement du domaine mĂ©tier. Le prĂ©sent article vise plus spĂ©cifiquement Ă Ă©tudier le cycle de vie de la vigne. Nous rendons compte que les savoirs acadĂ©miques prĂ©sents dans les sources thĂ©oriques et scientifiques sâajustent, se rĂ©actualisent Ă la lumiĂšre des savoirs dâexpĂ©rience des viticulteurs. Ce travail sâattache Ă©galement Ă analyser la nature protĂ©iforme des savoirs dâexpĂ©rience et Ă rendre compte de leur pluralitĂ©.Dans le cadre dâun projet FUI initiĂ© en octobre 2016 (projet winecloud) visant Ă construire un outil de traçabilitĂ© et prĂ©dictif du cycle de la vigne et du vin, un travail sur la collecte et la nature des savoirs a Ă©tĂ© nĂ©cessaire de maniĂšre Ă penser un systĂšme ontologique qui se rapproche le plus du raisonnement du domaine mĂ©tier. Le prĂ©sent article vise plus spĂ©cifiquement Ă Ă©tudier le cycle de vie de la vigne. Nous rendons compte que les savoirs acadĂ©miques prĂ©sents dans les sources thĂ©oriques et scientifiques sâajustent, se rĂ©actualisent Ă la lumiĂšre des savoirs dâexpĂ©rience des viticulteurs. Ce travail sâattache Ă©galement Ă analyser la nature protĂ©iforme des savoirs dâexpĂ©rience et Ă rendre compte de leur pluralitĂ©
Type I IFN controls chikungunya virus via its action on nonhematopoietic cells
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is the causative agent of an outbreak that began in La RĂ©union in 2005 and remains a major public health concern in India, Southeast Asia, and southern Europe. CHIKV is transmitted to humans by mosquitoes and the associated disease is characterized by fever, myalgia, arthralgia, and rash. As viral load in infected patients declines before the appearance of neutralizing antibodies, we studied the role of type I interferon (IFN) in CHIKV pathogenesis. Based on human studies and mouse experimentation, we show that CHIKV does not directly stimulate type I IFN production in immune cells. Instead, infected nonhematopoietic cells sense viral RNA in a Cardif-dependent manner and participate in the control of infection through their production of type I IFNs. Although the Cardif signaling pathway contributes to the immune response, we also find evidence for a MyD88-dependent sensor that is critical for preventing viral dissemination. Moreover, we demonstrate that IFN-α/ÎČ receptor (IFNAR) expression is required in the periphery but not on immune cells, as IFNARâ/ââWT bone marrow chimeras are capable of clearing the infection, whereas WTâIFNARâ/â chimeras succumb. This study defines an essential role for type I IFN, produced via cooperation between multiple host sensors and acting directly on nonhematopoietic cells, in the control of CHIKV
Copy number variants as modifiers of breast cancer risk for BRCA1/BRCA2 pathogenic variant carriers
The risk of germline copy number variants (CNVs) in BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variant carriers in breast cancer is assessed, with CNVs overlapping SULT1A1 decreasing breast cancer risk in BRCA1 carriers.The contribution of germline copy number variants (CNVs) to risk of developing cancer in individuals with pathogenic BRCA1 or BRCA2 variants remains relatively unknown. We conducted the largest genome-wide analysis of CNVs in 15,342 BRCA1 and 10,740 BRCA2 pathogenic variant carriers. We used these results to prioritise a candidate breast cancer risk-modifier gene for laboratory analysis and biological validation. Notably, the HR for deletions in BRCA1 suggested an elevated breast cancer risk estimate (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.21), 95% confidence interval (95% CI = 1.09-1.35) compared with non-CNV pathogenic variants. In contrast, deletions overlapping SULT1A1 suggested a decreased breast cancer risk (HR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.59-0.91) in BRCA1 pathogenic variant carriers. Functional analyses of SULT1A1 showed that reduced mRNA expression in pathogenic BRCA1 variant cells was associated with reduced cellular proliferation and reduced DNA damage after treatment with DNA damaging agents. These data provide evidence that deleterious variants in BRCA1 plus SULT1A1 deletions contribute to variable breast cancer risk in BRCA1 carriers.Peer reviewe
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