Association of Evening Chronotype with Poor Control of Type 2 Diabetes: Roles of Sleep Duration and Insomnia Level

Background: Evening chronotype is usually associated with insomnia and short sleep duration. Objectives: To investigate the independent association of chronotype with diabetes control. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 140 patients with type 2 diabetes were studied. The insomnia score was examined by a 7-item questionnaire. Also, chronotype was assessed by a 19-item questionnaire, and using the questionnaire, the patients were divided into three groups of morning, intermediate, and evening. This questionnaire has been developed for evaluating the preference for performing mental and physical activities at a special time of day. The Multivariate hierarchical analysis was applied for investigating the independent association of chronotype and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Results: The fasting blood glucose and HbA1c levels were significantly different across all the three chronotype groups such that it had the highest value in the evening group and the lowest value in the morning group (FBS = 164.5 ± 34.1 mg/dL and HbA1c = 8.7% ± 1.7, in the evening group, and FBS = 132.7 ± 23.1 mg/dL and HbA1c = 6.9% ± 0.4 in the morning group, P < 0.001). The morning group had longer sleep duration and less insomnia than other groups. Results of the hierarchical regression analysis showed that the chronotype explained 28.4% of the variance of HbA1c. Results of the final model demonstrated that the chronotype had a relationship with HbA1c, independent of body mass index (BMI), time of going to bed, and insomnia score. Conclusions: Evening chronotype is associated with poorer control of diabetes, independent of BMI and sleep variables

Occupational Difference in Association of Poor Sleep Quality and Metabolic Syndrome: Differences between Workers and Employees

Background. Regarding insufficient data about interaction of job in association of sleep quality with metabolic syndrome (MS), this study has been designed to evaluate this association in workers and employees. Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 448 municipal staff (employee group: N = 295; worker group: N = 153) referring for periodic examinations. The relationship between sleep quality and MS and their relevant components was investigated in both groups. Results. In the worker group, poor sleep quality was independently associated with the risk of MS by 3.04 times (P < 0:01). Among the components of metabolic syndrome, hypertriglyceridemia was associated with a greater number of sleep disorder components. There was no association between metabolic syndrome and sleep quality in the employee group. Conclusion. Poor sleep quality exerts different effects on metabolic complications in employees and workers

Association of meat and dairy consumption with normal weight metabolic obesity in men: the Qazvin Metabolic Diseases Study

Abstract BACKGROUND: Insulin resistance (IR) is not limited to obese individuals. Normal weight individuals may also be insulin resistant. The aim of this study was to determine the association of lifestyle and diet patterns with IR in normal weight Iranian men. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 232 men with a body mass index lower than 25 kg/m2 (aged 20-72 years old) between September 2010 and April 2011 in Qazvin, Iran. Metabolically obese normal weight (MONW) was defined as IR using the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA). The optimal cut point to diagnose IR was the 80th percentile of HOMA-IR values in normal subjects. The HOMA-IR cut point was 2.48. Dietary pattern was assessed by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Data were analyzed using backward logistic regression and ANCOVA. RESULTS: Fat and meat consumption and energy intake in subjects with MONW were more than subjects without MONW. Each serving of meat consumption was associated with three times increased risk of MONW (OR: 3.06), while each serving of dairy consumption was associated with 56 % lower risk of MONW with borderline significance (OR: 0.64). Adjusted mean of HOMA-IR in the first tertile of dairy consumption was significantly higher than other tertiles. Adjusted HOMA-IR value in the third tertile of meat consumption was significantly higher than the second tertile. CONCLUSION: Higher meat consumption was associated with MONW in men. Higher meat consumption and lower dairy consumption were associated with higher means of HOMA-IR. KEYWORDS: Body mass index; Diet; Insulin resistance; Meat; Mil

Is Vitamin D Deficiency associated with Non Specific Musculoskeletal Pain?

Backgrounds: Vitamin D deficiency is common worldwide, including Iran. It has been suggested that vitamin D deficiency is associated with non-specific musculoskeletal pain. The aim of this study is evaluation of the association of musculoskeletal pain with vitamin D deficiency and the response of the patients to vitamin D supplementation. Materials and Methods: sixty two adult patients with chief complaint of musculoskeletal pain were enrolled in the study. Serum concentrations of 25(OH)D, Calcium, Phosphate, Alkaline Phosphatase and PTH were determined. If there was vitamin D deficiency, oral vitamin D supplementation was given. Assessment of pain and its response to therapy was carried out using Visual Assessment Score (VAS). SPSS software version 15.0 was used for statistical analyses. Findings: Most of the patients (95.4%) had vitamin D deficiency. Pain in 53 patients (85.5%) with responded to the proposed treatment. In responder group post treatment vitamin D concentration was significantly higher than non responder group (60.6±27.6and 39.2±9.6 nmol/l respectively, p<0.01) pretreatment vitamin D and minerals concentrations and pain characteristics did not have significant differences in responder and non responder group. Conclusion: Treatment with vitamin D can relieve the pain in majority of the patients with vitamin D deficiency. Lack of response can be due to insufficient increase in serum vitamin D concentration.Physiologic differences of gastrointestinal vitamin D absorption, differences of body mass indexes, and noncompliance could be potential causes for this issue. Reassessment of serum 25(OH)D concentration is recommended in nonresponsive patients. Keywords: Vitamin D deficiency, musculoskeletal pain, Vitamin D supplementation, Ira

Association of sleep quality with insulin resistance in obese or overweight subjects

Introduction: Obesity or overweight are two factors associated with insulin resistance (IR). There are limited studies with regard to the role of some non-traditional factors such as sleep quality in level of IR in obese individuals. The current study aimed at investigating the association of sleep quality with IR in overweight or obese people. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 612 obese or overweight participants of the Qazvin metabolic disease study (QMDS) were evaluated. Sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and compared between two groups of participants with and without IR. Results: Our findings showed that the total score of sleep quality in the IR group was significantly lower than that in the non-insulin resistant group (8.78±2.78 vs. 8.13±2.70, p=0.008). After adjustment, each unit increase of the sleep latency and subjective sleep quality scores was associated with a 1.23 and 1.33 times increased risk of IR, respectively (p<0.05).Conclusion: In the obese or overweight people, sleep quality is associated with IR

Association of pregnancy hypocalcemia and neonatal growth indices

Introduction: Hypocalcemia is a common condition in pregnancy. Approximately 20-30 g maternal calcium is actively transferred to the fetus during pregnancy for fetal skeletal mineralization. The aim of this study was to determine the association of pregnancy hypocalcemia with neonatal growth indices. Methods: This cohort study was conducted on 112 pregnant women with the gestational age of 22-26 weeks in 2016. Calcium, albumin, 25(OH)D, and urinary calcium/creatinine ratio were measured for all participants. Hypocalcemia was defined as corrected serum calcium level of 0.05). Furthermore, neonatal growth indices were not significantly different in the maternal calcium quartiles. The two groups showed no significant difference in terms of the adjusted mean of neonatal growth indices (P>0.05). Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, hypocalcemia was a prevalent condition in pregnancy; however, this condition exerted no adverse effects on neonatal growth indices. © 2018, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Changes in Lipid Profile, Liver Enzymes and Inflammatory Factors Following Oral Supplementation with Propolis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Objective: Nutritional ingredients with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties such as flavonoids and phenolic acids have been reported in propolis. The present study investigated the effect of propolis supplements on lipid metabolism, liver enzymes, and inflammatory factors in patients with type 2 diabetes. Materials and methods: This clinical trial was performed in a double-blind randomized manner with two parallel intervention (n = 30) and placebo (n = 30) groups. Each group received a capsule (propolis or placebo) of 500 mg 3 times a day for 8 weeks. The lipid profile, liver enzymes, and inflammatory factors were measured at the beginning and end of the study. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS software. Results: The mean of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) levels decreased significantly at the end of the study in the intervention group (p &lt; 0.05). Also, the serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) level increased significantly in this group (p &lt; 0.05). Propolis supplementation significantly decreased C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (p &lt; 0.05). Also, propolis decreased the mean of aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels, but it was not significant (p &gt; 0.05). Conclusions: Propolis supplementation can be helpful as a dietary supplement in patients with type 2 diabetes by improving status of lipid profile and inflammatory factors in diabetic patients

Effect of vitamin D administration in vitamin D-deficient pregnant women on maternal and neonatal serum calcium and vitamin D concentrations: a randomised clinical trial

There are several studies in which a correlation between maternal vitamin D deficiency and serum mineral disorders in the mother and the newborn has been reported. The present randomised clinical trial was designed to investigate the effect of vitamin D administration on maternal and fetal Ca and vitamin D status. The trial was carried out on 160 pregnant women. Vitamin D-deficient (25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) ,30 ng/ml) pregnant women were recruited at 26–28 weeks of pregnancy. In the control group, a multivitamin supplement containing 400 IU vitamin D3/d was given. Patients in the treatment group were treated with 50 000 IU vitamin D3 weekly for a total duration of 8 weeks. At delivery, maternal and fetal Ca and 25(OH)D levels in both groups were compared. In total, 81 % of pregnant women were vitamin D deficient. At the time of delivery, Ca and vitamin D levels were higher in the treatment group compared with the control group (92 (SD 3) v. 85 (SD 4) mg/l, respectively, P¼0·001 for serum Ca; 47·8 (SD 11·1) v. 15·9 (SD 6·6) ng/ml, respectively, P,0·001 for vitamin D). At the time of delivery, 32·7 % of women in the control group had hypocalcaemia, while no hypocalcaemic case was detected in the vitamin D-treated group. Mean neonatal serum 25(OH)D was higher in the treatment group compared with the control group (27·7 (SD 5·2) v.10·9 (SD 4·4) ng/ml, respectively, P,0·01). The neonatal Ca level in the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group (99 (SD 3) v. 91 (SD 3) mg/l, respectively, P,0·001). The administration of vitamin D to pregnant women with vitamin D deficiency improves both maternal and neonatal Ca levels

Administration of Iranian Propolis attenuates oxidative stress and blood glucose in type II diabetic patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial

Background: Hyperglycemia in diabetic people resulted in oxidative conditions. Propolis is the third most important component of bee products which has various functional properties such as anti-oxidant due to its components. The aim of this study was to evaluate the propolis effect on fructosamine level, the catalase activity, and the level of oxidized LDL changes in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: In this double-blind, randomized controlled trial study, 62 type 2 diabetic patients, attending Endocrine clinic in Velayat Hospital (Qazvin, Iran) in 2017, were randomly assigned to one of intervention and placebo (n=31) groups. Participants in intervention group took propolis capsule (500 mg) 3 times a day and those in placebo group took placebo capsules for 8-week. Fructosamine level, catalase activity and the level of oxidized-LDL were measured at the baseline and at the end of the study. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results: At the end of the study, significant differences were seen within groups and in-between groups. In Propolis group compared to the placebo, fructosamine (p&#60;0.05), and the level of oxidized LDL (p&#60;0.05) decreased, and catalase activity (p&#60;0.05) improved. However, there were no significant changes in the placebo group at the end of trial. Conclusion: Eight weeks intake of propolis as a supplement in type II diabetic patients could improve anti-oxidant defense and decline production of hyperglycemia induced products such as fructosamine