Research in humans: medical, legal, psychological and religious aspects

cometidas em pesquisa, com princípios inerentes a qualquer código de ética ou deontológico. Porém, os valores moraisdiferem de uma sociedade para outra, gerando dilemas que envolvem revolução tecnológica, biológica, crenças e teologia. Assim, oseticistas obrigaram-se a considerar disciplinas para além de suas especificidades, estabelecendo fronteiras com diversos campos do conhecimento, pois os progressos até aqui alcançados levantam questões éticas em que, muitas vezes, o próprio conhecimento não apresenta respostas satisfatórias. Este trabalho aborda os vocábulos da ética e moral sob o enfoque médico, religioso, jurídico e psicológico de um modo prático, procurando delinear suas diferenças e similitudes

Manipulation of the human genome: ethics and law

A biologia molecular tem fornecido as ferramentas básicas para os geneticistas se aprofundarem nos mecanismos moleculares que influem na variação das doenças. Deve-se destacar a responsabilidade científica e moral dos pesquisadores, uma vez que os cientistas devem imaginar as consequências morais da aplicação comercial de testes genéticos, já que esse fato envolve não só o indivíduo e suas famílias, mas toda a população. Além de ser preciso, também, fazer uma reflexão sobre como essas informações do genoma humano serão utilizadas, para o bem ou mal. O objetivo desta revisão foi trazer à luz do conhecimento dados sobre características éticas da aplicação da biologia molecular, relacionando-a com os direitos do ser humano. Após análise bibliográfica, pôde-se observar que o Projeto Genoma Humano gerou várias possibilidades, como identificação de genes associados a doenças com propriedades sinergísticas, mas modificando às vezes comportamentos ao intervir geneticamente no ser humano, trazendo benefícios ou malefícios sociais. O grande desafio é decidir o que a humanidade pretende em relação a este gigantesco salto.The molecular biology has provided the basic tool for geneticists deepening in the molecular mechanisms that influence different diseases. It should be noted the scientific and moral responsibility of the researchers, because the scientists should imagine the moral consequences of the commercial application of genetic tests, since this fact involves not only the individual and their families, but the entire population. Besides being also necessary to make a reflection on how this information from the human genome will be used, for good or bad. The objective of this review was to bring the light of knowledge, data on characteristics of the ethical application of molecular biology, linking it with the rights of human beings. After studying literature, it might be observed that the Human Genome Project has generated several possibilities, such as the identification of genes associated with diseases with synergistic properties, but sometimes modifying behavior to genetically intervene in humans, bringing benefits or social harm. The big challenge is to decide what humanity wants on this giant leap

INDÚSTRIA E EXPORTAÇÃO NA REGIÃO DE RIO CLARO: PROBLEMAS E DESAFIOS DA COMPETITIVIDADE INDUSTRIAL E DO COMÉRCIO EXTERIOR NO LIMIAR DO SÉCULO XXI

Under the perspective of industrial competitiveness and exportation, the authors analyse, in this paper, the principal characteristics of manufacturing industry in Rio Claro region, and the last changes that have affected it, pointing out those relative to the rhythm of formal job growth . In the context of a globalizing world economy, the main problems and challenges that local/ regional manufacturing industry faces in the exportation of its products are examined, as well as some practical strategies are proposed, aiming the growth of the regional industrial exportation. Key-words: Regional manufacturing industry, exportation, competitiveness.No presente artigo, sob a perspectiva da competitividade industrial e do comércio exterior, são analisadas as principais características da atividade industrial na Região de Rio Claro, e as mudanças recentes que a afetaram, em especial aquelas relativas à dinâmica do crescimento do emprego formal. No contexto de uma economia globalizada, são discutidos os principais problemas e desafios enfrentados pela indústria local/regional na exportação de seus produtos, assim como são propostas algumas estratégias de ação, visando o incremento da atividade exportadora regional. Palavras- chave: Indústria regional, exportação, competitividade

Mapping accretion and its variability in the young open cluster NGC 2264: a study based on u-band photometry

We aim at characterizing the accretion properties of several hundred members of the star-forming cluster NGC 2264 (3 Myr). We performed a deep u,g,r,i mapping and a simultaneous u+r monitoring of the region with CFHT/MegaCam in order to directly probe the accretion process from UV excess measurements. Photometric properties and stellar parameters are determined homogeneously for about 750 monitored young objects, spanning the mass range 0.1-2 Mo. About 40% are classical (accreting) T Tauri stars, based on various diagnostics (H_alpha, UV and IR excesses). The remaining non-accreting members define the (photospheric+chromospheric) reference UV emission level over which flux excess is detected and measured. We revise the membership status of cluster members based on UV accretion signatures and report a new population of 50 CTTS candidates. A large range of UV excess is measured for the CTTS population, varying from a few 0.1 to 3 mag. We convert these values to accretion luminosities and obtain mass accretion rates ranging from 1e-10 to 1e-7 Mo/yr. Taking into account a mass-dependent detection threshold for weakly accreting objects, we find a >6sigma correlation between mass accretion rate and stellar mass. A power-law fit, properly accounting for upper limits, yields M_acc $\propto$ M^{1.4+/-0.3}. At any given stellar mass, we find a large spread of accretion rates, extending over about 2 orders of magnitude. The monitoring of the UV excess on a timescale of a couple of weeks indicates that its variability typically amounts to 0.5 dex, much smaller than the observed spread. We suggest that a non-negligible age spread across the cluster may effectively contribute to the observed spread in accretion rates at a given mass. In addition, different accretion mechanisms (like, e.g., short-lived accretion bursts vs. more stable funnel-flow accretion) may be associated to different M_acc regimes.Comment: 24 pages, 21 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysic

Periodontal status and quality of life in pregnant women with both overweight/obesity and hypertension : a cross-sectional study

The aim of this study was to assess the periodontal condition and quality of life of pregnant women affected with both overweight/obesity and arterial hypertension. Pregnant women were dived into three groups: with overweight/obesity and hypertension (

Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) pre-pupae meal as a fish meal replacement in diets for European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

[EN] A feeding trial was carried out to assess the effect of partially replacing fish meal (FM) by Black soldier fly pre-pupae meal (HM) in diets for European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax juveniles. A FM-based diet was used as a control and three other diets were formulated to include 6.5%, 13%, and 19.5% of HM, replacing 15%, 30% and 45% of FM respectively. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of fish (initial weight: 50 g) for 62 days. At the end of the trial, there were no differences among groups in growth performance or feed utilization. Plasma metabolic profiles also remained unaffected, except that plasma cholesterol was reduced with dietary HM inclusion. The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of protein, lipids, dry matter, organic matter, and energy were generally high, and not affected by the dietary treatment. The ADC of arginine, histidine, and valine were higher in HM diets when compared to the control. Amylase and protease activities were not affected by dietary HM, while lipase activity was lower in HM 6.5 diets than in the control and HM 19.5 diets. In conclusion, up to 19.5% of HM, corresponding to 22.5% of total dietary protein, may successfully replace FM in diets for juvenile European seabass, without adverse effects on growth performance, feed utilization or digestibility.This research was partially supported by the Strategic Funding UID/Multi/04423/2013 through national funds provided by FCT - Foundation for Science and Technology and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), in the framework of the programme PT2020. We would like to express our thanks to P. Correia for assistance during the growth and digestibility trial. Magalhaes, R. was supported by a VEGICOR-AMINOAQUA project grant (ref. 31-03-05-FEP-43)Magalhães, R.; Sanchez-Lopez, A.; Leal, RS.; Martínez-Llorens, S.; Oliva-Teles, A.; Peres, H. (2017). Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) pre-pupae meal as a fish meal replacement in diets for European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Aquaculture. 476:79-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.04.021S798547

A new protocol for use and storage of tooth-brushing material for school children

Este trabalho avaliou o material de higiene bucal usado em escolas para estabelecer um protocolo às ações de higiene bucal coletiva. O estudo foi dividido em duas etapas: 1ª- 20 responsáveis pelos procedimentos coletivos com escolares de Bauru e São José dos Campos - SP responderam a dois questionários sobre o uso de cinco kits de higiene bucal coletiva. A análise estatística foi realizada através do teste Wilcoxon (p < 0,05); 2ª - 178 escolares de 4 a 8 anos de Bauru e Bariri-SP dispensaram na escova uma quantidade de creme dental e dentifrício líquido para a prática da escovação, a qual foi pesada através de uma balança portátil. A análise estatística foi obtida através do coeficiente de correlação de Pearson e a análise de covariância (p< 0,05). O kit 5 obteve graus de satisfação e muita satisfação quando comparado aos kits 1 a 4. A quantidade de creme dental dispensada pelos escolares foi em média 0,41g (Bauru) e 0,48g (Bariri). Não houve diferença estatística entre os escolares de Bauru e Bariri em relação ao dentifrício líquido (média de 0,15g). O dentifrício líquido, através da "técnica da gota", foi considerado prático, dispensando uma pequena quantidade padronizada. O kit 5 demonstrou ser uma boa alternativa ao estabelecimento de um protocolo de ações em saúde bucal coletiva no SUS.The aim of this study was to evaluate the storage and distribution of toothbrushing material for school children. Twenty individuals responsible for the collective oral hygiene of school children from Bauru - SP and São José dos Campos - SP participated in the first stage of the study, answering 2 questionnaires about five different kits for use by school children. The statistical analysis was performed using Wilcoxon (p<0,05). In the second stage, the amount of toothpaste or liquid cleanser applied to the toothbrush by 178 school children aged 4 to 8 years from 2 cities from the state of São Paulo (Bauru e Bariri) was weighed using a portable balance. The statistical analysis was obtained by using Pearson's correlation coefficient and analysis of covariance (p <0,05). Kit 5 obtained levels of satisfaction and high satisfaction when compared with the others kits (1 - 4). The school children from Bauru (0,41g) used smaller amounts of toothpaste than the school children from Bariri (0,48g). The average of the amount of liquid cleanser applied by the sample was 0,15g. The "drop technique" (liquid cleanser) was considered practical for dispensing a small, standardized quantity of the product. Kit 5 was considered a good alternative for establishing a collective oral health protocol in the Brazilian health system

The role of Occupational Dentistry concerning smoking in business companies

Introdução: o combate ao hábito do tabagismo entre os trabalhadores, demonstra-se ser de fundamental importância, tendo em vista que o uso do tabaco é um fator de risco importante para a saúde geral e bucal dos mesmos. Portanto, as empresas têm avaliado o custo da manutenção de funcionários tabagistas, sendo os índices de absenteísmo e o aumento do custo para os planos de saúde mensurados e questionados. A Odontologia do Trabalho oferece uma grande oportunidade para identificar e motivar os trabalhadores a procurar tratamento contra a dependência do tabaco, visando prevenir doenças bucais e a promoção da saúde na empresa aonde atua. Conclusão: pelo fato do Odontológo do Trabalho possuir contato periódico junto aos trabalhadores, ele deverá atuar diretamente no controle e acompanhamento multidisciplinar dos trabalhadores tabagistas, interferindo positivamente na atividade produtiva. Introduction: The fight against the habit of smoking among workers shows to be fundamental, the tobacco use is an important risk for oral and general health for employees. For this reason companies are analyzing the cost of maintaining tobacco users as employees, the rates of absenteeism and the increased cost for health plans are measured and questioned. Occupational Dentistry offers a great opportunity to identify and motivate workers to look for a treatment for tobacco dependence in order to prevent oral diseases and health promotion where the company operates. Conclusion: In matter of facts the Occupational Dentist which has regular contact with employees, the professional must act straight in control and monitor tobacco users to create a positive  effect on productive activity.Keywords: Occupational Dentistry. Tobacco. Occupational Health.