Pomegranate transplant stress can be ameliorated by rhizophagus intraradices under nursery management

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) establish an obligate mutualistic symbiosis with many plant species, increasing the uptake of phosphorous and other low-mobile nutrients by roots. In addition, AMF improve biotic and abiotic stress tolerance of host plants. Under these conditions, reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase occasional damage to proteins, lipids and DNA. Antioxidative enzymes in plants can play an important role in detoxifying ROS, thereby alleviating oxidative stress. In nursery practices, plants are subjected at least to two transplant conditions before being transplanted outside. It is important to achieve an optimal plant size to withstand environmental or other stresses when plants are transplanted into the field. The transplantation process can be considered a stress because plants have to adapt to new abiotic and biotic (rhizospheric) conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two Rhizophagus intraradices (N.C. Schenck & G.S. Sm.) C. Walker & A. Schüßler strains, GA5 and GC2, single and co-inoculated under two-transplant soil conditions, sterile and non-sterile, using cuttings of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) as a model plant. These results showed that the GA5 single strain-inoculated plants improved growth and antioxidative enzyme responses to two transplant stress conditions. In conclusion, early mycorrhizal inoculation generates healthy plants that are more protected against environmental conditions, thereby improving plant transplant stress tolerance.Fil: Bompadre, Maria Josefina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada; ArgentinaFil: Colombo, Roxana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada; ArgentinaFil: Silvani, Vanesa Analia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez Bidondo, Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada; ArgentinaFil: Pardo, Alejandro Guillermo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología. Laboratorio de Micología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Ocampo, Juan Antonio. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Estación Experimental del Zaidín; EspañaFil: Godeas, Alicia Margarita. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada; Argentin

Urban Geology for the Enhancement of the Hypogean Geosites: the Perugia Underground (Central Italy)

AbstractUrban geology analyses natural risks and promotes geoheritage in urban areas. In the cities, characterized by a high cultural value, the hypogean artificial cavities, often present in the downtown, offer a unique opportunity to show the geological substratum. Moreover, these places could be a point of interest in urban trekking with the abiotic component of the landscape as a topic (geotourism). To investigate these areas, rigorous bibliographic research and a geomorphological assessment are the first steps, but, besides, non-invasive methods are new techniques increasingly in demand. In this paper, we present a multidisciplinary study on the Etruscan Well (third century B.C.), one of the most important Etruscan artefacts in Perugia (Umbria region, Central Italy). The characteristics of the sedimentary deposits outcropping along the perimeter walls have been collected. Moreover, to show the underground geoheritage, we provide a 3D model of the well and the surrounding area integrating a georeferenced laser scanner survey with ground-penetrating radar prospecting. We aim to obtain a tridimensional mapping of accessible internal rooms to depict the geological characteristics of the Etruscan Well, also revealing a surrounding network of buried galleries. The results are not only a meaningful advancement in the archaeological, geological and historical knowledge of the downtown of Perugia but are a hint for the geoheritage promotion and dissemination, providing images and 3D reconstruction of underground areas

Growth dynamics of geographically different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal isolates belonging to the 'Rhizophagus clade' under monoxenic conditions

The growth dynamics of extraradical mycelium and spore formation of fourteen 'Rhizophagus' isolates from different sites in Argentina were evaluated under monoxenic conditions. A modified Gompertz model was used to characterize the development of mycelium and spores for each isolate under the same conditions. The lag time, maximal growth rate, and total quantity of both extraradical hyphae and spores were determined. Wide variability among isolates was detected and all growth parameters were significantly altered by fungal isolate. Discriminant analysis differentiated isolates primarily based on the extent of extraradical hyphae produced, yet such differences did not conclusively correspond to phylogenetic relationships among closely related isolates based on partial SSU sequences. Given that the 'Rhizophagus' isolates were grown under controlled conditions for many generations, the expression of phenotypic variability could be attributed to genetic differences that are not completely resolved by phylogenetic analysis employing the small ribosomal gene

Hongos formadores de micorrizas arbusculares en el suelo extremadamente contaminado con metales pesados de la cuenca del río Riachuelo

The Riachuelo river basin (RRB) is considered one of the most polluted environments in the world. Knowledge of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) adapted to this extremely polluted environment is important for the establishment of future soil restoration projects. This work aims to make a first list of AMF species present on the RRB. Soil and root samples were randomly taken in an area of approximately 1500 m2, mycorrhization percentages were evaluated. AMF species were detected by molecular and morphological techniques. Sixteen AMF morphological species and 64 molecular species were reported in this work. Dominikia iranica, Funneliformis constrictum, Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus intraradices, Rhizophagus irregularis and Septoglomus viscosum were detected by both techniques while Claroideoglomus sp. was only detected by pyrosequencing. The list of species reported in this work represents the first description of the RRB AMF community.La cuenca del río Riachuelo (CRR) es considerada uno de los ambientes más contaminados del mundo. Conocer los hongos formadores de micorrizas arbusculares (HFMA) adaptados a este ambiente extremadamente contaminado es importante para el establecimiento de futuros proyectos de restauración de suelos. Este trabajo se propuso hacer una primera lista de especies de HFMA presentes en la CRR. Se tomaron muestras de suelo y raíces al azar en un área de aproximadamente 1500 m2 y se evaluaron los porcentajes de micorrización. La identificación de especies de HFMA se basó en técnicas moleculares y morfológicas. Se detectaron 16 especies morfológicas y 64 especies moleculares de HFMA. Dominikia iranica, Funneliformis constrictum, Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus intraradices, Rhizophagus irregularis y Septoglomus viscosum se detectaron mediante ambas técnicas, mientras que Claroideoglomus sp. solo fue detectado por pirosecuenciación. La lista de especies reportada en este trabajo representa la primera descripción de la comunidad de HFMA de la CRR.Fil: Colombo, Roxana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada; ArgentinaFil: Benavidez, Matias Ernesto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez Bidondo, Laura. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes; ArgentinaFil: Silvani, Vanesa Analia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada; ArgentinaFil: Bompadre, María J.. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes; ArgentinaFil: Statello, Marina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada; ArgentinaFil: Scorza, María Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada; ArgentinaFil: Scotti, Adalgisa. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica; ArgentinaFil: Godeas, Alicia Margarita. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada; Argentin

Erratum to: Radiosurgery reirradiation for high-grade glioma recurrence: a retrospective analysis

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Evaluation of the effects of a dynamic culture on osteogenic differentiation of oral-periosteal cells grown on PLGA sponges

Oral-periosteum derived stem cells represent an innovative cell source for bone tissue engineering applications in terms of accessibility and self-commitment towards osteogenic lineage [1]. In this scenario, biomaterials play a pivotal role in tissue engineering in supporting stem cells growth and regeneration of tissue defects [2]. Among these biomaterials, Fisiograft®, a synthetic co-polymer composed of polylactic and polyglycholic acids produced by Ghimas (Bologna, Italy), is highly biocom- patible and completely absorbed within 4-6 months. In particular, Fisiograft® sponges are normally used in dental applications to fix completely periodontal defects without damage Schneider’s membrane. We evaluated the osteogenic potential of Fisiograft® sponges on oral-periosteal cells derived from patients undergoing dental extractions. For this purpose, we created a dynamic culture based on a rotating apparatus in which we seeded periosteal cells with Fisiograft® sponges for 7, 14 and 21 days without adding osteogenic supplement in the medium. Osteoblast differen- tiation of cells was evaluated by Alizarin Red S staining and by qRT-PCR on genes involved in bone development. Results show that Fisograft® sponges promote greater osteogenic differentiation of cells in the dynamic culture with respect to standard condition already at 14 days, as demonstrated by Alizarin Red staining. BMP-2 and Osteoprotegerin genes are highly expressed by cells grown on Fisiograft® sponges in dynamic culture at 14 days with respect to plastic culture. Taken together, these results confirm the osteogenic potential of Fisiograft® sponges in accelerating the dif- ferentiation of cells to an osteoblast phenotype (already to 14 days of culture) without any osteogenic induction. The combination of this PLGA biomaterial and oral-peri- osteal cells could represent a promising bio-complex in maxillo-facial tissue repair

The Costs of VAT: A Review of the Literature

This paper reviews the published literature on the definition and measurement of the administrative and compliance costs of taxation, with special reference to VAT (including evasion and fraud) in the European Union

Perspectiva escolar

Monográfico con el título: 'Educació pel desenvolupament sostenible'. Resumen basado en el de la publicaciónMuchas de las iniciativas de las escuelas de Cataluña están integradas en redes de escuelas para la sostenibilidad. Se resalta la red de escuelas verdes que promueve la participación y la implicación activa de la comunidad educativa en la mejora de su entorno y en la Agenda 21 escolar, que es un proyecto de educación, participación e implicación cívica que se desarrolla en el ámbito municipal.CataluñaUniversitat de Barcelona. Biblioteca de Ciències de l'Educació; Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, 171; 08035 Barcelona; +34934021035; +34934021034;ES