Meson decay in a corrected 30P3^P_0 model

Extensively applied to both light and heavy meson decay and standing as one of the most successful strong decay models is the $3^P_0$ model, in which $q\bar{q}$ pair production is the dominant mechanism. The pair production can be obtained from the non-relativistic limit of a microscopic interaction Hamiltonian involving Dirac quark fields. The evaluation of the decay amplitude can be performed by a diagrammatic technique for drawing quark lines. In this paper we use an alternative approach which consists in a mapping technique, the Fock-Tani formalism, in order to obtain an effective Hamiltonian starting from same microscopic interaction. An additional effect is manifest in this formalism associated to the extended nature of mesons: bound-state corrections. A corrected $3^P_0$ is obtained and applied, as an example, to $b_{1}\to\omega\pi$ and $a_{1}\to\rho\pi$ decays.Comment: 3 figures. To appear in Physical Review

The fully kinetic Biermann battery and associated generation of pressure anisotropy

The dynamical evolution of a fully kinetic, collisionless system with imposed background density and temperature gradients is investigated analytically. The temperature gradient leads to the generation of temperature anisotropy, with the temperature along the gradient becoming larger than that in the direction perpendicular to it. This causes the system to become unstable to pressure anisotropy driven instabilities, dominantly to electron Weibel. When both density and temperature gradients are present and non-parallel to each other, we obtain a Biermann-like linear in time magnetic field growth. Accompanying particle in cell numerical simulations are shown to confirm our analytical results.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, + Supplementary materials (4 pages, 2 figures

Impact of water saving irrigation systems on water use, growth and yield of irrigated lowland rice

To meet the growing demand for food and other needs from an increasing population, the rice production in Sri Lanka, which was 3.87 million tonnes in 2008, has to be increased to 4.2 million tonnes by the year 2020. This requirement could be achieved by increasing productivity and/or by increasing the cultivated extent. In 2008, about 77 % and 68 % of the total paddy land extent was cultivated with either partial or full irrigation during the maha and yala seasons, respectively. A considerable extent of paddy land was either not cultivated or cultivated for other crops due to the scarcity of water in the dry and intermediate zones. Furthermore, with increased competition for water for domestic and industrial needs and climate change, there will be further reductions in the availability of water for rice cultivation. Conserving irrigation water would increase the cultivated extent of land while reducing the probability of ate season water-stress in the cultivated rice crop. We studied the impact of different soil water regimes on water use, nutrient uptake, growth and grain yield of 3 – 3� age lowland rice at the Rice Research and Development Institute, Batalagoda, Ibbagamuwa. There was no significant difference in the grain yield in rice when grown under either saturated or flooded conditions, but the yield decreased significantly with alternate wetting and drying. However, under saturated conditions, the irrigation water requirement was significantly lower than the flooded condition. The lowest irrigation water requirement was recorded with saturated to dry conditions. The irrigation water requirement under flooded conditions, when compared with the saturated condition, increased by 39 % during the yala season. During the maha season, even though the total irrigation requirement was lower, when compared to saturated conditions, four times more irrigation water was required under flooded conditions. There was a significant increase in plant dry matter production and leaf N (nitrogen) under saturated conditions, when compared with conventional flooded conditions. These findings suggest that when soil water is maintained at a saturated level in lowland rice, a considerable amount of irrigation water could be saved without sacrificing grain yield.Length: pp.57-64RiceIrrigated farmingWater conservationIrrigation systems

Parabolic dunes in north-eastern Brazil

In this work we present measurements of vegetation cover over parabolic dunes with different degree of activation along the north-eastern Brazilian coast. We are able to extend the local values of the vegetation cover density to the whole dune by correlating measurements with the gray-scale levels of a high resolution satellite image of the dune field. The empirical vegetation distribution is finally used to validate the results of a recent continuous model of dune motion coupling sand erosion and vegetation growth.Comment: 18 pages, 14 figures, aubmitted to Geomorpholog

The class of n-entire operators

We introduce a classification of simple, regular, closed symmetric operators with deficiency indices (1,1) according to a geometric criterion that extends the classical notions of entire operators and entire operators in the generalized sense due to M. G. Krein. We show that these classes of operators have several distinctive properties, some of them related to the spectra of their canonical selfadjoint extensions. In particular, we provide necessary and sufficient conditions on the spectra of two canonical selfadjoint extensions of an operator for it to belong to one of our classes. Our discussion is based on some recent results in the theory of de Branges spaces.Comment: 33 pages. Typos corrected. Changes in the wording of Section 2. References added. Examples added. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1104.476

The Levi-Civita spacetime

We consider two exact solutions of Einstein's field equations corresponding to a cylinder of dust with net zero angular momentum. In one of the cases, the dust distribution is homogeneous, whereas in the other, the angular velocity of dust particles is constant [1]. For both solutions we studied the junction conditions to the exterior static vacuum Levi-Civita spacetime. From this study we find an upper limit for the energy density per unit length $\sigma$ of the source equal ${1\over 2}$ for the first case and ${1\over 4}$ for the second one. Thus the homogeneous cluster provides another example [2] where the range of $\sigma$ is extended beyond the limit value ${1\over 4}$ previously found in the literature [3,4]. Using the Cartan Scalars technics we show that the Levi-Civita spacetime gets an extra symmetry for $\sigma={1\over 2}$ or ${1\over 4}$. We also find that the cluster of homogeneous dust has a superior limit for its radius, depending on the constant volumetric energy density $\rho_0$