Atividade antifúngica de Cimentos de Ionômero de Vidro puros e associados à Cinnamomum zeylanicum

Considerando a importância da atividade antimicrobiana dos materiais restauradores odontológicos, objetivou-se verificar a atividade antifúngica in vitro de Cimentos de Ionômero de Vidro (CIV) puros, associados a nistatina e ao óleo essencial de Cinnamomum zeylanicum (canela) sobre Candida albicans (ATCC 289065). Foram avaliados Vitro Fil®, Maxxion R® e Vitro Cem®. A inibição do crescimento fúngico foi dada pela medição do diâmetro dos halos de inibição nos testes de difusão em meio de cultura sólido. Os CIV foram manipulados de acordo com as orientações dos fabricantes e inseridos em poços, confeccionados no meio de cultura, com 6 mm de diâmetro com o auxílio do sistema Centrix (DFL®). Quando preparadas as associações, as substâncias sintética e natural foram adicionadas ao Cimento de Ionômero de Vidro no momento da manipulação. As placas de Petri foram armazenadas em estufa a 37ºC, sob condições ideais de CO2, durante 48h e posteriormente foi feita a leitura dos resultados com auxílio de um paquímetro. O estudo foi realizado em triplicata e os dados foram analisados a partir do teste de Friedman, seguido de pós-teste de Dunns. Frente a cepa de Candida albicans, houve inibição do crescimento fúngico na maioria das associações, exceto quando o Vitro Fil® foi associado a emulsão do óleo essencial da canela (Cinnamomum zeylanicum).

Does Scientific Evidence for the Use of Natural Products in the Treatment of Oral Candidiasis Exist? A Systematic Review

In view of the limitations of antifungal agents used in the treatment of oral candidiasis and the wide variety of natural products that have been studied as treatment of this disease, this systematic literature review proposed to evaluate whether scientific evidence attesting to the efficacy of natural products in the treatment of this disease exists. A systematic search in PubMed, MEDLINE, SciELO, Lilacs, and Cochrane Library databases was accomplished using the associations among the keywords Candida albicans, phytotherapy, biological products, denture stomatitis, and oral candidiasis in both English and Portuguese. Four independent observers evaluated the methodological quality of the resulting articles. Three studies were included for detailed analysis and evaluated according to the analysis protocol based on the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) 2010 statement. The tested products were different in all studies. Two studies mentioned random samples, but no study described the sample allocation. No study mentioned sample calculations, a prior pilot study, or examiner calibration, and only one trial reported sample losses. Differences between the tested products and the methodological designs among these studies did not allow the existence of scientific evidence related to the effectiveness of these products for the proposed subjects to be confirmed

Atividade antifúngica, mecanismo de ação, citotoxidade e ação antibiofilme da cloramina T sobre Candida spp.

Introduction: Faced with limitations to the use of sodium hypochlorite in the disinfection of dental prostheses and the need to control fungal proliferation in these sites, it is necessary to study new substances for this purpose. Objectives: To evaluate the antifungal activity, mechanism of action, cytotoxicity and antibiofilm action of chloramine T (CAT) on Candida spp. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the substance on Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei and Candida glabrata was determined by the microdilution technique and the minimum fungicidal concentration (CFM) was calculated through the subculture in Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (ASD) . The growth inhibition kinetics of C. albicans were evaluated by the method of counting colony forming units (CFU) at different times and concentrations. A microculture of C. albicans was performed on fowl agar plus tween 80 to evaluate the possible alteration of micromorphology against different concentrations of the substance. The possible mechanism of action on wall and fungal cell membrane was verified by the determination of MIC in the presence of sorbitol and ergosterol respectively. The inhibition of the initial adherence of fungal cells, formation and reduction of C. albicans biofilm were evaluated after short (1 min) and prolonged (8 h) contact with the substance and formation of the biofilm was measured by absorbance at 600 nm, Transformed into scores referring to the percentage of inhibition obtained based on the values ​​of the control group. The cytotoxicity of the substance was evaluated by the hemolysis method. Nystatin and sodium hypochlorite were used as positive controls. A descriptive and inferential analysis was performed considering α = 5%. Results: The CIM75% found for CAT was 781.3 μg / mL and the CFM / MIC ratio suggests a fungicidal activity against most of the strains tested, with probable action on cell wall and membrane. The substance showed immediate and prolonged action on the kinetic test and caused reduction of the filamentous form and inhibition of chlamydoconidia. In the biofilm assay, it presented similar results to sodium hypochlorite for inhibition of initial adherence and formation of mature biofilm (p> 0.05) and was more effective in reducing mature biofilm in the short contact groups at MIC concentration x2 (24 H) and CIM x 4 (48 h) (p 0,05) e foi mais efetiva na reducao do biofilme maduro nos grupos de contato curto na concentracao CIM x 2 (24 h) e CIM x 4 (48 h) (p < 0,05). Conclusao: A CAT apresenta atividade antifungica sobre Candida spp. e apresenta acao fungicida sobre a maioria das cepas testadas. Sua acao e imediata e prolongada na inibicao do crescimento de C. albicans e provavelmente ocorre tanto em parede quanto em membrana celular. A CAT causa alteracoes na micromorfologia de C. albicans e possui atividade antibiofilme, sendo efetiva na inibicao da aderencia inicial das celulas fungicas, bem como na formacao e reducao do biofilme

Atividade antifúngica de Cimentos de Ionômero de Vidro puros e associados à Cinnamomum zeylanicum

Considerando a importância da atividade antimicrobiana dos materiais restauradores odontológicos, objetivou-se verificar a atividade antifúngica in vitro de Cimentos de Ionômero de Vidro (CIV) puros, associados a nistatina e ao óleo essencial de Cinnamomum zeylanicum (canela) sobre Candida albicans (ATCC 289065). Foram avaliados Vitro Fil®, Maxxion R® e Vitro Cem®. A inibição do crescimento fúngico foi dada pela medição do diâmetro dos halos de inibição nos testes de difusão em meio de cultura sólido. Os CIV foram manipulados de acordo com as orientações dos fabricantes e inseridos em poços, confeccionados no meio de cultura, com 6 mm de diâmetro com o auxílio do sistema Centrix (DFL®). Quando preparadas as associações, as substâncias sintética e natural foram adicionadas ao Cimento de Ionômero de Vidro no momento da manipulação. As placas de Petri foram armazenadas em estufa a 37ºC, sob condições ideais de CO2, durante 48h e posteriormente foi feita a leitura dos resultados com auxílio de um paquímetro. O estudo foi realizado em triplicata e os dados foram analisados a partir do teste de Friedman, seguido de pós-teste de Dunns. Frente a cepa de Candida albicans, houve inibição do crescimento fúngico na maioria das associações, exceto quando o Vitro Fil® foi associado a emulsão do óleo essencial da canela (Cinnamomum zeylanicum).

Atividade antifúngica de cimentos de Ionômero de vidro puros e associados à cinnamomum zeylanicum

Considering the importance of the antimicrobial activity of restorative materials, this study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity of Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) pure, associated with nystatin and essential oil of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon) against Candida albicans (ATCC 289065). We evaluated Vitro Fil® , Maxxion R ® and Vitro Cem® . Inhibition of fungal growth was given by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zones on diffusion tests solid medium. The GIC were manipulated according to the guidelines of the producers and inserted into wells with 6 mm in diameter aided by the Centrix system (DFL ®). When prepared the associations, synthetic and natural substances have been added to Glass Ionomer Cement during the manipulation. The plates were stored at 37oC and ideal conditions of CO2 during 48h and, subsequently, reading of the results was done with a paquimeter. The study was conducted in triplicate and data were analyzed using the Friedman test, followed by Dunns post-test. Against Candida albicans, there was inhibition of fungal growth in most associations except when Vitro Fil® emulsion was associated with essential oil of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum).Considerando a importância da atividade antimicrobiana dos materiais restauradores odontológicos, objetivou-se verificar a atividade antifúngica in vitro de Cimentos de Ionômero de Vidro (CIV) puros, associados a nistatina e ao óleo essencial de Cinnamomum zeylanicum (canela) sobre Candida albicans (ATCC 289065). Foram avaliados Vitro Fil®, Maxxion R® e Vitro Cem®. A inibição do crescimento fúngico foi dada pela medição do diâmetro dos halos de inibição nos testes de difusão em meio de cultura sólido. Os CIV foram manipulados de acordo com as orientações dos fabricantes e inseridos em poços, confeccionados no meio de cultura, com 6 mm de diâmetro com o auxílio do sistema Centrix (DFL®). Quando preparadas as associações, as substâncias sintética e natural foram adicionadas ao Cimento de Ionômero de Vidro no momento da manipulação. As placas de Petri foram armazenadas em estufa a 37oC, sob condições ideais de CO2, durante 48h e posteriormente foi feita a leitura dos resultados com auxílio de um paquímetro. O estudo foi realizado em triplicata e os dados foram analisados a partir do teste de Friedman, seguido de pós-teste de Dunns. Frente a cepa de Candida albicans, houve inibição do crescimento fúngico na maioria das associações, exceto quando o Vitro Fil® foi associado a emulsão do óleo essencial da canela (Cinnamomum zeylanicum)

A Randomized Clinical Trial of Schinus terebinthifolius Mouthwash to Treat Biofilm-Induced Gingivitis

Objectives. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a Schinus terebinthifolius (ST) mouthwash in reducing gingival inflammation levels (GI) and biofilm accumulation (BA) in children with gingivitis. Methods. This was a randomized, controlled, triple blind, and phase II clinical trial, with children aged 9–13 years presenting with biofilm-induced gingivitis. The sample was randomized into experimental (0.3125% ST, ) and control (0.12% chlorhexidine/CHX, ) groups. Products were masked as regards color, flavor and aroma. Intervention protocol consisted in supervised rinsing of 10 mL/day for 01 minute for 10 days. Gingival bleeding and simplified oral hygiene indexes were used to assess the efficacy variables, measured at baseline and after intervention by calibrated examiners. Data were statistically treated with paired t-test, unpaired t-test, and Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests (α = .05). Results. It was found that both ST and CHX were able to significantly reduce GI levels after 10 days and there was no significant difference between them . CHX was the only product able to significantly reduce BA after 10 days when compared to baseline . Conclusion. ST mouthwash showed significant anti-inflammatory activity (equivalent to CHX), but it was not able to reduce biofilm accumulation

Antifungal activity, mode of action and anti-biofilm effects of laurus nobilis linnaeus essential oil against Candida spp

The present study demonstrated the antifungal potential of the chemically characterized essential oil (EO) of Laurus nobilis L. (bay laurel) against Candida spp. biofilm adhesion and formation, and further established its mode of action on C albicans. Methods: L nobilis EO was obtained and tested for its minimum inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations (MIC/MFC) against Candida spp., as well as for interaction with cell wall biosynthesis and membrane ionic permeability. Then we evaluated its effects on the adhesion, formation, and reduction of 48 h C albicans biofilms. The EO phytochemical profile was determined by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Results: The MIC and MFC values of the EO ranged from (250 to 500) mu g/mL. The MIC values increased in the presence of sorbitol (osmotic protector) and ergosterol, which indicates that the EO may affect cell wall biosynthesis and membrane ionic permeability, respectively. At 2 MIC the EO disrupted initial adhesion of C. albicans biofilms (p 0.05). When applied for 1 min, every 811, for 24 h and 48 h, the EO reduced the amount of C. albicans mature biofilm with no difference in relation to nystatin (p > 0.05). The phytochemical analysis identified isoeugenol as the major compound (53.49%) in the sample. Conclusions: L nobilis ED has antifungal activity probably due to monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes in its composition. This EO may affect cell wall biosynthesis and membrane permeability, and showed deleterious effects against C. albicans biofilms. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd.The present study demonstrated the antifungal potential of the chemically characterized essential oil (EO) of Laurus nobilis L. (bay laurel) against Candida spp. biofilm adhesion and formation, and further established its mode of action on C albicans. Methods: L nobilis EO was obtained and tested for its minimum inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations (MIC/MFC) against Candida spp., as well as for interaction with cell wall biosynthesis and membrane ionic permeability. Then we evaluated its effects on the adhesion, formation, and reduction of 48 h C albicans biofilms. The EO phytochemical profile was determined by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Results: The MIC and MFC values of the EO ranged from (250 to 500) mu g/mL. The MIC values increased in the presence of sorbitol (osmotic protector) and ergosterol, which indicates that the EO may affect cell wall biosynthesis and membrane ionic permeability, respectively. At 2 MIC the EO disrupted initial adhesion of C. albicans biofilms (p 0.05). When applied for 1 min, every 811, for 24 h and 48 h, the EO reduced the amount of C. albicans mature biofilm with no difference in relation to nystatin (p > 0.05). The phytochemical analysis identified isoeugenol as the major compound (53.49%) in the sample. Conclusions: L nobilis ED has antifungal activity probably due to monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes in its composition. This EO may affect cell wall biosynthesis and membrane permeability, and showed deleterious effects against C. albicans biofilms7317918

Antibiofilm activity and mechanism of action of the disinfectant chloramine T on candida spp., and its toxicity against human cells

We evaluated the antifungal and anti-biofilm activity, mechanism of action and cytotoxicity of chloramine T trihydrate (CAT) against Candida spp. The Minimum Inhibitory and Fungicidal Concentrations (MIC/MFC) of CAT were determined. Changes in CAT-treated C. albicans growth kinetics and micromorphology were evaluated, as well as the mechanism of action, and its effects on biofilm. Cytotoxicity was assessed by the hemolysis method. The data were analyzed by inferential statistics (p ≤ 0.05). CAT showed antifungal activity against all strains, with MIC values ranging between 1.38 and 5.54 mmol/L (MIC75%: 2.77 mmol/L). CAT demonstrated an immediate and sustained action on C. albicans growth kinetics, particularly at 2 × MIC. This compound likely acts on the cell wall and membrane permeability simultaneously and was found to cause changes in C. albicans micromorphology. Tha antibiofilm activity of CAT was similar to that of sodium hypochlorite (p > 0.05) against mature biofilms. CAT was more effective than NaOCl in reducing mature biofilm upon 1-min exposure at 2 × MIC (24 h) and 4 × MIC (48 h) (p < 0.05). Toxicological analysis revealed that CAT had hemolytic activity between 61 and 67.7% as compared to 100% by NaOCl. CAT has antifungal and anti-biofilm properties, probably acting on both cell wall and membrane permeability, and showed low toxicity in vitro229CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQSem informaçã

Antibiofilm Activity and Mechanism of Action of the Disinfectant Chloramine T on Candida spp., and Its Toxicity against Human Cells

We evaluated the antifungal and anti-biofilm activity, mechanism of action and cytotoxicity of chloramine T trihydrate (CAT) against Candida spp. The Minimum Inhibitory and Fungicidal Concentrations (MIC/MFC) of CAT were determined. Changes in CAT-treated C. albicans growth kinetics and micromorphology were evaluated, as well as the mechanism of action, and its effects on biofilm. Cytotoxicity was assessed by the hemolysis method. The data were analyzed by inferential statistics (p ≤ 0.05). CAT showed antifungal activity against all strains, with MIC values ranging between 1.38 and 5.54 mmol/L (MIC75%: 2.77 mmol/L). CAT demonstrated an immediate and sustained action on C. albicans growth kinetics, particularly at 2 × MIC. This compound likely acts on the cell wall and membrane permeability simultaneously and was found to cause changes in C. albicans micromorphology. Tha antibiofilm activity of CAT was similar to that of sodium hypochlorite (p &gt; 0.05) against mature biofilms. CAT was more effective than NaOCl in reducing mature biofilm upon 1-min exposure at 2 × MIC (24 h) and 4 × MIC (48 h) (p &lt; 0.05). Toxicological analysis revealed that CAT had hemolytic activity between 61 and 67.7% as compared to 100% by NaOCl. CAT has antifungal and anti-biofilm properties, probably acting on both cell wall and membrane permeability, and showed low toxicity in vitro