28 research outputs found
Minor psychiatric disorders among Brazilian ragpickers: a cross-sectional study
BACKGROUND: Ragpickers are informal workers who collect recyclable materials to earn a small wage. Their life and working conditions are extremely difficult. We examined minor psychiatric disorders (MPD) among a cohort of ragpickers in Pelotas, a city in southern Brazil. METHODS: Ragpickers were matched by sex, age, and years of schooling with a sample of non-ragpickers from the same poor neighborhoods. The cross-sectional study gathered data by interview on 990 individuals in 2004. MPD were assessed using a standard self-reporting questionnaire, the SRQ-20. RESULTS: The prevalence of MPD among ragpickers was 44.7%, higher than reported by neighborhood controls (33.6%; p < 0.001). MPD were more common among females, those of lower economic level, smokers and alcoholics. Among occupational characteristics, MPD prevalence was associated with frequent static postures, low job satisfaction and recent work accidents. CONCLUSION: Ragpickers more frequently report MPD than other poor workers living in the same neighborhoods, with many of the same life conditions. Improving the work lives of these precarious workers should address not only the physical hazards of their jobs but their mental and emotional health as well
Análise da utilização das informações do Sistema de Informação de Atenção Básica (SIAB): uma revisão integrativa
Characterization of Leishmania infantum species in dogs from the urban area of Cuiabá, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil
Prevalence of hepatitis A virus infection in Afro-Brazilian isolated communities in Central Brazil
Construção do conhecimento necessário ao desenvolvimento de um manual didático-instrucional na prevenção do linfedema pós-mastectomia
First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. II. Array and Instrumentation
The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) is a very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) array that comprises millimeter- and submillimeter-wavelength telescopes separated by distances comparable to the diameter of the Earth. At a nominal operating wavelength of ~1.3 mm, EHT angular resolution (λ/D) is ~25 μas, which is sufficient to resolve nearby supermassive black hole candidates on spatial and temporal scales that correspond to their event horizons. With this capability, the EHT scientific goals are to probe general relativistic effects in the strong-field regime and to study accretion and relativistic jet formation near the black hole boundary. In this Letter we describe the system design of the EHT, detail the technology and instrumentation that enable observations, and provide measures of its performance. Meeting the EHT science objectives has required several key developments that have facilitated the robust extension of the VLBI technique to EHT observing wavelengths and the production of instrumentation that can be deployed on a heterogeneous array of existing telescopes and facilities. To meet sensitivity requirements, high-bandwidth digital systems were developed that process data at rates of 64 gigabit s−1, exceeding those of currently operating cm-wavelength VLBI arrays by more than an order of magnitude. Associated improvements include the development of phasing systems at array facilities, new receiver installation at several sites, and the deployment of hydrogen maser frequency standards to ensure coherent data capture across the array. These efforts led to the coordination and execution of the first Global EHT observations in 2017 April, and to event-horizon-scale imaging of the supermassive black hole candidate in M87
First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole
When surrounded by a transparent emission region, black holes are expected to reveal a dark shadow caused by
gravitational light bending and photon capture at the event horizon. To image and study this phenomenon, we have
assembled the Event Horizon Telescope, a global very long baseline interferometry array observing at a wavelength of
1.3 mm. This allows us to reconstruct event-horizon-scale images of the supermassive black hole candidate in the center
of the giant elliptical galaxy M87. We have resolved the central compact radio source as an asymmetric bright emission
ring with a diameter of 42 ± 3 μas, which is circular and encompasses a central depression in brightness with a flux
ratio 10:1. The emission ring is recovered using different calibration and imaging schemes, with its diameter and
width remaining stable over four different observations carried out in different days. Overall, the observed image is
consistent with expectations for the shadow of a Kerr black hole as predicted by general relativity. The asymmetry in
brightness in the ring can be explained in terms of relativistic beaming of the emission from a plasma rotating close to
the speed of light around a black hole. We compare our images to an extensive library of ray-traced general-relativistic
magnetohydrodynamic simulations of black holes and derive a central mass of M = (6.5 ± 0.7) × 109 Me. Our radiowave observations thus provide powerful evidence for the presence of supermassive black holes in centers of galaxies
and as the central engines of active galactic nuclei. They also present a new tool to explore gravity in its most extreme
limit and on a mass scale that was so far not accessible
Cuidado paterno à criança e ao adolescente com doença crônica: percepção materna
RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a percepção materna acerca do cuidado paterno e identificar como esse cuidado configura-se em ações práticas no cuidado à criança/adolescente com doença crônica no cotidiano familiar. Métodos Estudo exploratório-descritivo, qualitativo, realizado no ambulatório pediátrico de um hospital público da Paraíba, entre novembro/2013 e abril/2014, com 10 mães cujos filhos tinham mais de seis meses de diagnóstico. Entrevista semiestruturada subsidiou a coleta de dados, que foi submetida à análise temática. Resultados Os pais participavam de cuidados rotineiros da criança, gerenciamento do tratamento medicamentoso, lazer, apoio ao binômio e atividades domésticas. Assumiam diferentes papéis nos cuidados dependendo da disponibilidade de tempo e da abertura materna para sua participação. Entre os casais separados houve afastamento dos pais nos cuidados, refletindo na saúde do filho. Conclusão A participação do pai no cuidado ao filho com doença crônica é fundamental, porém, ainda faz-se necessário um maior envolvimento deste nos cuidados