Dismissal Due to Business Reasons in Italy

TABLE OF CONTENT: Introduction. – 1. How are the causes that justify a redundancy or a dismissal due to business reasons defined? – 2. The business reasons that justifying the dismissal, must they concur in the entire company or only concur in the workplace where dismissal occurs? – 3. What is the procedure that the company must follow to conduct a dismissal for business reasons? Are there specialties in such procedure in cases of redundancies (that is, when there is a collective dismissal)? – 3.1. Individual dismissal – 3.2. Collective dismissal. – 4. How is the number of affected workers calculated in order to determine the individual or collective nature of the dismissal? – 5. Are there groups of workers who have priority in a dismissal for business reasons? Particularly, do workers’ representatives have priority? And pregnant workers? Elder workers? Workers with family responsibilities? – 5.1. Individual dismissal. – 5.2. Collective dismissal. – 6. Are workers affected by a dismissal due to business reasons entitled to an economic compensation? – 7. What obligations does the company that carries out a dismissal due to business reasons have? In particular, is there the obligation to relocate affected workers within the company or the group of companies? – 8. What are the consequences that arise from breach or non-compliance with the legal procedure regarding dismissals due to business reasons? In which cases is the dismissal considered null (that is, that implies the worker’s readmission)? – 8.1. Individual dismissal. – 8.2. Collective dismissal. – 9. Are there specialties in the dismissal due to business reasons for microcompanies and/or small and medium enterprises? – 9.1. Individual dismissal. – 9.2. Collective dismissal. – 10. Is it possible to conduct a dismissal due to business reasons in a public administration? In this case, what specialties exist in regard to the definition of the business causes? – 11. Other relevant aspects regarding dismissals due to business reasons

Relativistic Planck-scale polymer

Polymer quantum mechanics has been studied as a simplified picture that reflects some of the key properties of Loop Quantum Gravity; however, while the fate of relativistic symmetries in Loop Quantum Gravity is still not established, it is usually assumed that the discrete polymer structure should lead to a breakdown of relativistic symmetries. We here focus for simplicity on a one-spatial-dimension polymer model and show that relativistic symmetries are deformed, rather than being broken. The specific type of deformed relativistic symmetries which we uncover appears to be closely related to analogous descriptions of relativistic symmetries in some noncommutative spacetimes. This also contributes to an ongoing effort attempting to establish whether the "quantum-Minkowski limit" of Loop Quantum Gravity is a noncommutative spacetime.Comment: 5 pages, no figures. v2: minor changes in Section I

Experimental Demonstration of Dual Polarization Nonlinear Frequency Division Multiplexed Optical Transmission System

Multi-eigenvalues transmission with information encoded simultaneously in both orthogonal polarizations is experimentally demonstrated. Performance below the HD-FEC limit is demonstrated for 8-bits/symbol 1-GBd signals after transmission up to 207 km of SSMF

Dual polarization nonlinear Fourier transform-based optical communication system

New services and applications are causing an exponential increase in internet traffic. In a few years, current fiber optic communication system infrastructure will not be able to meet this demand because fiber nonlinearity dramatically limits the information transmission rate. Eigenvalue communication could potentially overcome these limitations. It relies on a mathematical technique called "nonlinear Fourier transform (NFT)" to exploit the "hidden" linearity of the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation as the master model for signal propagation in an optical fiber. We present here the theoretical tools describing the NFT for the Manakov system and report on experimental transmission results for dual polarization in fiber optic eigenvalue communications. A transmission of up to 373.5 km with bit error rate less than the hard-decision forward error correction threshold has been achieved. Our results demonstrate that dual-polarization NFT can work in practice and enable an increased spectral efficiency in NFT-based communication systems, which are currently based on single polarization channels

A REPRESENTATIVIDADE DO NEGRO EM ACERVOS: UM ESTUDO DE CASO NO ACERVO DO CENTRO DE PRODUÇÃO AUDIOVISUAL DO SESC SP

This article aims to analyze the representation of black people in collections, taking as an example the collection of the Audiovisual Production Center (CPA) of Sesc São Paulo. It consists of physical media, produced between 1980 and 2012 and digital collection produced from 2013 to the present. The methodology used, in addition to the literature review in the area of ​​document management, memory and audiovisual and the analysis of searches carried out in the collection, with a quali-quanti approach and an exploratory characteristic, brings as findings a list of requirements for improvement in management, in the technological system and the representativeness of black people in the institution\u27s collection. In addition to raising questions for news research.   Key Words: representativeness, black people, MAM, audiovisual preservation. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la representación del las personas negras en acervos, teniendo como ejemplo el acervo del Centro de Producción Audiovisual (CPA) del Servicio Social del Comercio de San Pablo (Sesc SP). Compuesto por medios físicos, producidos entre 1980 e 2012 y acervo digital producido desde 2013 hasta la actualidad. La metodología utilizada, además de la revisión de la literatura, el área de gestión documental, memoria y audiovisual, y el análisis de las búsquedas en el acervo, con un enfoque quali – quanti y de características exploratorias, trae como hallazgos una lista de requisitos para mejorar la gestión en el sistema tecnológico y la representatividad de las personas negras en el acervo de la institución. Además de plantear preguntas para nuevas investigaciones.   Palabras clave: representatividad, personas negras, MAM, preservación audiovisualEl presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la representación del las personas negras en acervos, teniendo como ejemplo el acervo del Centro de Producción Audiovisual (CPA) del Servicio Social del Comercio de San Pablo (Sesc SP). Compuesto por medios físicos, producidos entre 1980 e 2012 y acervo digital producido desde 2013 hasta la actualidad. La metodología utilizada, además de la revisión de la literatura, el área de gestión documental, memoria y audiovisual, y el análisis de las búsquedas en el acervo, con un enfoque quali – quanti y de características exploratorias, trae como hallazgos una lista de requisitos para mejorar la gestión en el sistema tecnológico y la representatividad de las personas negras en el acervo de la institución. Además de plantear preguntas para nuevas investigaciones.   Palabras clave: representatividad, personas negras, MAM, preservación audiovisua

Complementary Rather than Contradictory: Diversity and Excellence in Peer Review and Admissions in American Higher Education

Diversity is largely accepted as a positive value in American society. Nevertheless, policies to encourage diversity, e.g. affirmative action, language policies and legalising illegal immigrants, are still largely disputed, and often understood as having contradictory and largely negative consequences. The implementation of diversity is still seen as a threat to meritocracy, national cohesion, and democracy. This paper analyses how excellence and diversity are discussed in two academic decision-making processes: admission at two elite public universities and the distribution of competitive research fellowships. We argue that excellence and diversity are not alternative but additive considerations in the allocation of resources. The administrators and academics we studied factor diversity in as an additional consideration when decisions are to be made between applicants of roughly equal standing.Sociolog