Formation of oriented nickel aggregates in rutile single crystals by Ni implantation

The magnetic and electrical properties of Ni implanted single crystalline TiO2 rutile were studied for nominal implanted fluences between 0.5 x 10(17) cm(-2) and 2.0 x 10(17) cm(-2) with 150 keV energy, corresponding to maximum atomic concentrations between 9 at% and 27 at% at 65 nm depth, in order to study the formation of metallic oriented aggregates. The results indicate that the as implanted crystals exhibit superparamagnetic behavior for the two higher fluences, which is attributed to the formation of nanosized nickel clusters with an average size related with the implanted concentration, while only paramagnetic behavior is observed for the lowest fluence. Annealing at 1073 K induces the aggregation of the implanted nickel and enhances the magnetization in all samples. The associated anisotropic behavior indicates preferred orientations of the nickel aggregates in the rutile lattice consistent with Rutherford backscattering spectrometry-channelling results. Electrical conductivity displays anisotropic behavior but no magnetoresistive effects were detected. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Compostos voláteis do sabor de pseudofrutos de cajueiro-anão precoce (Anacardium occidentale L.) CCP 76.

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Aspectos qualitativos da água do Rio Poty na região de Teresina, PI.

O presente trabalho objetivou monitorar e avaliar a qualidade da água do Rio Poty, em Teresina (PI) para fins agrícolas em períodos extremos de temperatura e de precipitação. Coletaram-se amostras de água no rio em 10 pontos georreferenciados, da curva do conjunto residencial São Paulo (zona sudeste) até sua foz no Rio Parnaíba (zona norte), em um percurso aproximado de 23,7 km, de junho a dezembro de 2004. Determinou-se as variáveis físico-químicas: CEa, RAS e pH, além das concentrações de Cl-, HCO3 -, CO3 2-, Na+, Ca2+ e Mg2+. Os maiores valores da CEa (0,26 dS m-1) e da RAS (1,90 mmolc L-1)0,5 foram registradas no mês de outubro, devido ao baixo índice pluviométrico, período seco e eventual poluição antrópica. Pelo Teste de Kruskal-Wallis, constataram-se oscilações nas concentrações de HCO3 - (1,68 a 1,91 mmolc L-1) ao longo dos pontos amostrais. O carbonato de sódio residual (CSR) indicou que a água é apropriada para fins agrícolas (< 1,25 mmolcL-1)

Vellozia flavicans Mart. ex Schult. hydroalcoholic extract inhibits the neuromuscular blockade induced by Bothrops jararacussu venom

FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOBackground: Snakebite is a significant public health issue in tropical countries. In Brazil, some of the most common snake envenomations are from Bothrops. Bothrops bites trigger local and systemic effects including edema, pain, erythema, cyanosis, infections, and necrosis. Vellozia flavicans is a plant from the Brazilian " cerrado" (savanna) that is popularly used as an anti-inflammatory medicine. Since inflammation develops quickly after Bothrops bites, which can lead to infection, the aim of the present study was to observe possible anti-snake venom and antimicrobial activities of V. flavicans (Vf). Methods: The chromatographic profile of the main constituents from the Vf leaf hydroalcoholic extract was obtained by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The anti-snake venom activity was measured by Vf's ability to neutralize the in vitro neuromuscular blockade caused by Bothrops jararacussu venom (Bjssu) in a mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm model (PND). After a 20 min incubation, preparations of PND were added to Tyrode's solution (control); Vf (0.2, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/mL); 40 μg/mL Bjssu; pre-incubation for 30 min with Bjssu and 1 mg/mL Vf; and a Bjssu pretreated preparation (for 10 min) followed by 1 mg/mL Vf. Myographic recording was performed, and the contractile responses were recorded. The antimicrobial activity (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] and minimum bactericidal concentration [MBC]) was obtained for Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus faecalis, using gentamicin and vancomycin as positive controls. Results: TLC analysis yielded several compounds from Vf, such as flavonoids (quercetin) and phenolic acids (chlorogenic acid). Bjssu completely blocked the contractile responses of PND preparations, while Vf preserved 97% (±10%) of the contractile responses when incubated with Bjssu. In the PND pretreated with Bjssu, Vf was able to inhibit the neuromuscular blockade progress. MIC and MBC of Vf ranged from 2.5 to 5.0 mg/mL for P. aeruginosa and S. aureus strains, while no antimicrobial activity was observed for E. coli and E. faecalis.Conclusions: The hydroalcoholic extract from Vf leaves was able to neutralize and decrease the in vitro neuromuscular blockade caused by Bjssu. However, it did not show significant antimicrobial activity against the tested bacteria. © 2014 Tribuiani et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.Snakebite is a significant public health issue in tropical countries. In Brazil, some of the most common snake envenomations are from Bothrops. Bothrops bites trigger local and systemic effects including edema, pain, erythema, cyanosis, infections, and necrosis. Vellozia flavicans is a plant from the Brazilian "cerrado" (savanna) that is popularly used as an anti-inflammatory medicine. Since inflammation develops quickly after Bothrops bites, which can lead to infection, the aim of the present study was to observe possible anti-snake venom and antimicrobial activities of V. flavicans (Vf). The chromatographic profile of the main constituents from the Vf leaf hydroalcoholic extract was obtained by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The anti-snake venom activity was measured by Vf's ability to neutralize the in vitro neuromuscular blockade caused by Bothrops jararacussu venom (Bjssu) in a mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm model (PND). After a 20 min incubation, preparations of PND were added to Tyrode's solution (control); Vf (0.2, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/mL); 40 μg/mL Bjssu; pre-incubation for 30 min with Bjssu and 1 mg/mL Vf; and a Bjssu pretreated preparation (for 10 min) followed by 1 mg/mL Vf. Myographic recording was performed, and the contractile responses were recorded. The antimicrobial activity (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] and minimum bactericidal concentration [MBC]) was obtained for Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus faecalis, using gentamicin and vancomycin as positive controls. TLC analysis yielded several compounds from Vf, such as flavonoids (quercetin) and phenolic acids (chlorogenic acid). Bjssu completely blocked the contractile responses of PND preparations, while Vf preserved 97% (±10%) of the contractile responses when incubated with Bjssu. In the PND pretreated with Bjssu, Vf was able to inhibit the neuromuscular blockade progress. MIC and MBC of Vf ranged from 2.5 to 5.0 mg/mL for P. aeruginosa and S. aureus strains, while no antimicrobial activity was observed for E. coli and E. faecalis. The hydroalcoholic extract from Vf leaves was able to neutralize and decrease the in vitro neuromuscular blockade caused by Bjssu. However, it did not show significant antimicrobial activity against the tested bacteria14FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO2004/09705-8; 2007/53883-6; 2008/52643-4; 2008/11005-5; 2012/08271-0Neglected tropical diseases: Snakebite, , http://www.who.int/bloodproducts/animal_sera/Rabies.pdf?ua=1, WHO - World Health Organization(2009) Textos Básicos de Saúde (Cadernos de Atenção Básican. 22), , Health surveillance:zoonoses, Brasil. Ministério da SaúdeTeixeira, R., Forma grave do acidente por ofídios da sub-família Crotalinae (1979) An Acad Med Bahia, 2, pp. 109-135Vellard, J.A., Serpentes venenosas (1945) Terapêutica Clínica, pp. 265-273. , Buenos Aires: Libreria y Editorial 'El Ateneo, Cardini C, Beretervide JJAlves, E., (1956) Medicina de Urgência, pp. 1052-1055. , Rio de Janeiro: Livraria AtheneuBrazil, V., (1901) Do envenenamento ophidico e seu tratamento, pp. 31-55. , Colletanea dos trabalhos Instituto ButantanRodrigues-Simioni, L., Borgese, N., Ceccarelli, B., The effects of Bothrops jararacussu venom and its components on frog nerve-muscle preparation (1983) Neuroscience, 10, pp. 475-489Souza, C.D., Felfili, J.M., The utilization of medicinal plants in the region of Alto Paraíso of Goiás, GO, Brazil (2006) Acta Bot Bras, 20, pp. 133-142Stannard, B.L., (1995) Flora of the Pico das Almas: Chapada da Diamantina - Bahia, Brazil, pp. 43-78. , Great Britain: Whitstable Litho LtdBranco, A., Pinto, A.C., Braz Filho, R., Chemical constituents from Vellozia graminifolia (Velloziaceae) (2004) An Acad Bras Cienc, 76, pp. 505-518Harborne, J.B., Williams, C.A., Greenham, J., Eagles, J., Variations in the lipophilic and vacuola flavonoids of the genus Vellozia (1994) Phytochemistry, 35, pp. 1475-1480Williams, C.A., Harborne, J.B., Greenham, J., Eagles, J., Differences in flavonoids patterns between genera within the Velloziaceae (1994) Phytochemistry, 36, pp. 931-940Pinto, A.C., Scofield, T.C.V., Braz-Filho, R., Two new diterpenes with a rosane skeleton from Velloziaceae (1983) Tetrahedron Lett, 24, pp. 5043-5046Pinto, A.C., Queiroz, P.P.S., Garcez, W., Diterpenes from Vellozia bicolor (1991) J Braz Chem Soc, 2, pp. 25-30Pinto, A.C., Rezende, C.M., Antunes, O.A.C., Correia, C.R.D., Three isomeric diterpenes from Vellozia flavicans (1996) Phytochemistry, 42, pp. 767-769Peixoto, E.M., Pinchin, R., Pinto, A.C., Constituintes químicos de Vellozia piresiana (1979) Ciênc Cult, 32, pp. 125-127Barnes, R.A., Pereira, A.L., Scofield, T.C.V., Braz-Filho, R., Pinto, A.C., A new triterpene from Vellozia compacta (1984) Chem Pharm Bull, 32, pp. 3674-3677Dharmappa, K.K., Kumar, R.V., Nataraju, A., Mohamed, R., Shivaprasad, H.V., Vishwanath, B.S., Anti-inflammatory activity of oleanolic acid by inhibition of secretory phospholipase A2 (2009) Planta Med, 75, pp. 211-215Magalhães, A., Santos, G.B., Verdam, M.C., Fraporti, L., Malheiro, A., Lima, E.S., Dos-Santos, M.C., Inhibition of the inflammatory and coagulant action of Bothrops atrox venom by the plant species Marsypianthes chamaedrys (2011) J Ethnopharmacol, 134, pp. 82-88Sampaio, S.C., Sousa-e-Silva, M.C.C., Borelli, P., Curi, R., Cury, Y., Crotalus durissus terrificus snake venom regulates macrophage metabolism and function (2001) J Leukoc Biol, 70, pp. 551-558(2002) Portuguese Pharmacopoeia, , Lisboa: Infarmed Editors, Portugal, Portuguese Pharmacopoeia CommitteeHarborne, J.B., (1998) Phytochemical Methods: A Guide to Modern Techniques of Plants Analysis, , London: Chapman & HallCintra Francischinelli, M., Silva, M.G., Andréo Filho, N., Cintra, A.C.O., Leite, G.B., Cruz Höfling, M.A.D.A., Rodrigues Simioni, L., Oshima Franco, Y., Effects of commonly used solubilizing agents on a model nerve-muscle synapse (2008) Lat Am J Pharm, 27, pp. 721-726Siles Villaroel, M., Rolim Rosa, R., Zelante, F., Furlanetto, R.S., Padronização da avaliação da potência de antivenenos botrópicos, em camundongos (1978) Mem Inst Butantan, 42-43, pp. 325-336Bülbring, E., Observation on the isolated phrenic nerve diaphragm preparation of the rat (1946) Br J Pharmacol, 1, pp. 38-61Ferraz, M.C., Parrilha, L.A.C., Moraes, M.S.D., Amaral Filho, J., Cogo, J.C., Dos Santos, M.G., Franco, L.M., Oshima Franco, Y., The effect of lupane triterpenoids (Dipteryx alata Vogel) in the in vitro neuromuscular blockade and myotoxicity of two snake venoms (2012) Curr Org Chem, 16, pp. 2717-2723Puebla, P., Oshima-Franco, Y., Franco, L.M., Santos, M.G., 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active against snake bite - the molecular approach (2000) Phytochemistry, 55, pp. 627-642Barbosa, A.M., Villaverde, A.B., Guimarães Souza, L., Ribeiro, W., Cogo, J.C., Zamuner, S.R., Effect of low-level laser therapy in the inflammatory response induced by Bothrops jararacussu snake venom (2008) Toxicon, 1 (51), pp. 1236-1244Oshima-Franco, Y., Hyslop, S., Cintra, A.C., Giglio, J.R., da Cruz-Höfling, M.A., Rodrigues-Simioni, L., Neutralizing capacity of commercial bothropic antivenom against Bothrops jararacussu venom and bothropstoxin-I. (2000) Muscle Nerve, 23, pp. 1832-1839Oshima Franco, Y., Rosa, L.J.R., Silva, G.A.A., Amaral Filho, J., Silva, M.G., Lopes, P.S., Cogo, J.C., Da Cruz Höfling, M.A., Antibothropic action of Camellia sinensis extract against the neuromuscular blockade by Bothrops jararacussu snake venom and its mais toxin, bothropstoxin-I (2012) Pharmacology, pp. 469-489. , Croatia: Intech, Gallelli LMilani Júnior, R., Jorge, M.T., de Campos, F.P., Martins, F.P., Bousso, A., Cardoso, J.L., Ribeiro, L.A., Warrell, D.A., Snake bites by the jararacuçu (Bothrops jararacussu): clinic pathological studies of 29 proven cases in São Paulo State (1997) Brazil. QJM, 90, pp. 323-334Petricevich, V.L., Teixeira, C.F.P., Tambourghi, D.V., Gutiérrez, J.M., Increments in serum cytokine and nitric oxide levels in mice injected with Bothrops asper and Bothrops jararaca snake venom (2000) Toxicon, 38, pp. 1253-1266(2007) Rabies and envenomings: a neglected public health issue, , http://www.who.int/bloodproducts/animal_sera/Rabies.pdf, Available from: WHO - World Health OrganizationMalomouzh, A.I., Mukhtarov, M.R., Nikolsky, E.E., Vyskocil, F., Lieberman, E.M., Urazaev, A.K., Glutamate regulation of non-quantal release of acetylcholine in the rat neuromuscular junction (2003) J Neurochem, 85, pp. 206-213Rubem Mauro, L., Rocha, D.S., Barcelos, C.C., Varca, G.H., Andréo Filho, N., Barberato Filho, S., Oshima Franco, Y., Phenobarbital pharmacological findings on the nerve-muscle basis (2009) Lat Am J Pharm, 28, pp. 211-218. , Vila MMDCCintra-Francischinelli, M., Silva, M.G., Andréo-Filho, N., Gerenutti, M., Cintra, A.C.O., Giglio, J.R., Leite, G.B., Oshima-Franco, Y., Antibothropic action of Casearia sylvestris Sw. (Flacourtiaceae) extracts (2008) Phytother Res, 22, pp. 784-790Camargo, T.M., Nazato, V.S., Silva, M.G., Cogo, J.C., Groppo, F.C., Oshima-Franco, Y., Bothrops jararacussu venom-induced neuromuscular blockade inhibited by Casearia gossypiosperma Briquet hydroalcoholic extract (2010) J Venom Anim Toxins incl Trop Dis, 16, pp. 432-441Nazato, V.S., Rubem Mauro, L., Vieira, N.A.G., Rocha Junior, D., Dos, S., Silva, M.G., Lopes, P.S., Oshima Franco, Y., vitro antiophidian properties of Dipteryx alata Vogel bark extracts (2010) Molecules, 15, pp. 5956-5970Melo, R.F., Farrapo, N.M., Rocha Junior, D.S., Silva, M.G., Cogo, J.C., Dal Belo, C.A., Rodrigues Simioni, L., Oshima Franco, Y., Antiophidian mechanisms of medicinal plants (2009) Flavonoids: Biosynthesis, Biological Effects and Dietary Sources, pp. 249-262. , New York: Nova Science Publishers, Keller RBFarrapo, N.M., Silva, G.A.A., Costa, K.N., Silva, M.G., Cogo, J.C., Dal Belo, C.A., Dos Santos, M.G., Oshima Franco, Y., Inhibition of Bothrops jararacussu venom activities by Plathymenia reticulata Benth extracts (2011) J Venom Res, 2, pp. 52-58Cos, P., Vlietinc, A.J., Berghe, D.V., Maes, L., Anti-infective potential of natural products: how to develop a stronger in vitro 'proof-of-concept' (2006) J Ethnopharmacol, 103, pp. 290-302Mishra, U.S., Mishra, A., Kumari, R., Murthy, P.N., Naik, B.S., Antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of Andrographis paniculata (2009) Indian J Pharm Sci, 71, pp. 436-438Premendran, S.J., Salwe, K.J., Pathak, S., Brahmane, R., Manimekalai, K., Anti-cobra venom activity of plant Andrographis paniculata and its comparison with polyvalent anti-snake venom (2011) J Nat Sci Biol Med, 2, pp. 198-204Mahadeswaraswamy, Y.H., Nagaraju, S., Girish, K.S., Kemparaju, K., Local tissue destruction and procoagulation properties of Echis carinatus venom: inhibition by Vitis vinifera seed methanol extract (2008) Phytother Res, 22, pp. 963-969Oliveira, D.A., Salvador, A.A., Smânia, A., Smânia, E.F., Maraschin, M., Ferreira, S.R., Antimicrobial activity and composition profile of grape (Vitis vinifera) pomace extracts obtained by supercritical fluids (2013) J Biotechnol, 164, pp. 423-43

Germinação de sementes de soja submetidas a diferentes períodos de submersão em água.

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Coloração do tegumento e tolerância à salinidade em sementes de trevo branco.

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Antileishmanial and cytotoxic activity of dillapiole n-butyl ether.

Abstract: Among the neglected diseases, American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) still remains highly endemic in some tropical regions. The currently available drugs for treatment are highly toxic, prompting the search for new therapeutic options. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxic potential of dillapiole n-butyl ether (DBE) against Leishmania amazonensis and L. guyanensis, as well as its toxicity on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vitro. RESUMO: Dentre as doenças negligenciadas, a leishmaniose cutânea americana (LCA) continua sendo altamente endêmica em algumas regiões tropicais. Os medicamentos disponíveis atualmente para o tratamento apresentam elevada toxicidade, o que torna a busca de novas opções terapêuticas necessária. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o potencial tóxico do éter n-butil dilapiol (EBD) contra Leishmania amazonensis e L. guyanensis e a sua toxicidade em células mononucleares do sangue periférico humano (CMSP) in vitro.Título em Português: Atividade antileishmania e citotóxica do éter n-butil dilapiol

Development of Potential Multi-Target Inhibitors for Human Cholinesterases and Beta-Secretase 1: A Computational Approach

Alzheimer’s disease causes chronic neurodegeneration and is the leading cause of dementia in the world. The causes of this disease are not fully understood but seem to involve two essential cerebral pathways: cholinergic and amyloid. The simultaneous inhibition of AChE, BuChE, and BACE-1, essential enzymes involved in those pathways, is a promising therapeutic approach to treat the symptoms and, hopefully, also halt the disease progression. This study sought to identify triple enzymatic inhibitors based on stereo-electronic requirements deduced from molecular modeling of AChE, BuChE, and BACE-1 active sites. A pharmacophore model was built, displaying four hydrophobic centers, three hydrogen bond acceptors, and one positively charged nitrogen, and used to prioritize molecules found in virtual libraries. Compounds showing adequate overlapping rates with the pharmacophore were subjected to molecular docking against the three enzymes and those with an adequate docking score (n = 12) were evaluated for physicochemical and toxicological parameters and commercial availability. The structure exhibiting the greatest inhibitory potential against all three enzymes was subjected to molecular dynamics simulations (100 ns) to assess the stability of the inhibitor-enzyme systems. The results of this in silico approach indicate ZINC1733 can be a potential multi-target inhibitor of AChE, BuChE, and BACE-1, and future enzymatic assays are planned to validate those results.PPBE and PPGCF/UEFS; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais—FAPEMIG, grants APQ-02741-17, APQ-00855-19, APQ-01733-21, and APQ-04559-22Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico—CNPq-Brazil, grants 305117/2017-3, 426261/2018-6Fellowship of 2021 (grant 310108/2020-9