Разработка способа очистки газовой среды в процессе выращивания полупроводниковых монокристаллов

An individual’s zinc status has a significant impact on the immune system, and zinc deficiency, as well as supplementation, modulates immune function. To investigate the effects of zinc on different leukocyte subsets, we used microarray technology to analyze and compare the changes in mRNA expression in cell culture models of monocytes (THP-1), T cells (Jurkat), and B cells (Raji), in response to supplementation for 40 h with 50 μM zinc or 2.5 μM of the membrane-permeant zinc chelator TPEN [N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis-(2-pyridyl-methyl)ethylenediamine], respectively. In each cell type, several hundred genes were identified to be zinc sensitive, but only a total of seven genes were commonly regulated in all three cell lines. The majority of those genes were involved in zinc homeostasis, and none in immune function. Nevertheless, further analysis revealed that zinc affects entire functional networks of genes that are related to proinflammatory cytokines and cellular survival. Although the zinc-regulated activities are similar throughout the gene networks, the specific genes that are affected vary significantly between different cell types, a situation that helps to elucidate the disparity of the effects that zinc has on different leukocyte populations

За кадры. 1978. № 19 (2090)

Гордимся Наташей! / Л. Мильбах, Г. АфанасьеваДорогие женщины!Интересами науки, заботами коллектива / А. ТемникОт всего сердца / Ф. ФайрушинЯ грущу, я измучен жаждой... / Е. ВинокуровПо законам дружбы / Л. БакинаКомсорг сборнойЗа ними не угнаться / С. Вакура, В. ЖурнаковТрудности не пугают / Л. ДроздовСоветские патриотки / Л. Иванова, Л. ЕпонешниковаИ женственны, и современны / С. ВасильевКое-что о весне / В. ИшенинПочти заклинание / М. ДудинЛюбовь тому причиной / С. ГнедовТебя я знаю столько лет - красивой! / А. АвдеевНакануне мужчины прячут... / В. АнтоновС полей повеяло весной... / А. БорискинОжиданье / В. СоинА над землей плывет весенний гул... / В. СоинВесеннее сиянье... / В. СоинИскал тебя среди листвы и гроз... / В. УшаковВ круговерти апрельских начал... / В. ГолиненкоСилуэты весны / Г. СергейчикКак я женился / А. Ненаше

Cadmium ions induce monocytic production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha by inhibiting mitogen activated protein kinase dephosphorylation

Cadmium ions (Cd2+) are carcinogenic and have cytotoxic effects in a variety of organisms. In addition to its direct cytotoxicity. Cd2+ acts as an immunomodulator at sub-toxic concentrations. Among other influences Cd2+ can induce inflammation, but the molecular basis for this effect is not well investigated. In this manuscript, we analyze the impact of Cd2+ on monocytes/macrophages, which are potent producers of pro-inflammatory cytokines, finding that Cd2+ treatment induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha secretion. Based on the observation that another group IIb metal, zinc (Zn2+), has a physiological role in these events, we investigated if Cd2+ acts on the same molecular targets. Like Zn2+, Cd2+ inhibits phosphatases, and hereby dephosphorylation of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK). Consequently, treatment of cells with Cd2+ resulted in stimulation of ERK 1/2 and p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Furthermore, Cd2+-induced release of TNF-alpha from primary human monocytes was blocked by inhibitors for ERK 1/2 (U0126) and p38 MAPK (SB202190), demonstrating that MAPKs are involved in the induction of TNF-alpha by Cd2+. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved