17 research outputs found

    Structurer le passĂ©. Les IsraĂ©liens, les Palestiniens et l’autoritĂ© symbolique des monuments archĂ©ologiques

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    L’article tente de suivre l’histoire et le contexte politique de la commĂ©moration archĂ©ologique en Palestine-IsraĂ«l, depuis les efforts des sociĂ©tĂ©s scientifiques europĂ©ennes au xixe siĂšcle pour revendiquer certains sites majeurs, Ă  travers l’activitĂ© rĂ©glementaire du dĂ©partement des AntiquitĂ©s durant le Mandat britannique, jusqu’à l’établissement de parcs nationaux en IsraĂ«l. Il examine Ă©galement le statut spĂ©cifique des restes archĂ©ologiques sur la rive occidentale du Jourdain, sous administration jordanienne et israĂ©lienne, et la perspective d’une Ăšre nouvelle sous l’AutoritĂ© palestinienne. Au-delĂ  de la prĂ©sentation d’études de cas spĂ©cifiques, l’article tente de caractĂ©riser la commĂ©moration archĂ©ologique traditionnelle comme une forme de discours symbolique par lequel les certitudes politiques modernes d’une sociĂ©tĂ© sont projetĂ©es dans un passĂ© Ă©loignĂ© et prĂ©sentĂ©es comme Ă©ternelles et inĂ©vitables. Il est en particulier attentif aux messages subtils qu’exprime le choix des sites et des structures Ă  prĂ©server, des mĂ©thodes de prĂ©sentation, et au message symbolique complexe – presque une affirmation symbolique d’identité – de l’ensemble des sites historiques, archĂ©ologique, naturels et de divertissement de la sociĂ©tĂ©. Enfin, il examine quelques Ă©volutions internationales troublantes dans la prĂ©sentation et l’interprĂ©tation de sites archĂ©ologiques (d’un cĂŽtĂ©, une fragmentation ethnique, de l’autre le dĂ©veloppement de parcs Ă  thĂšmes) et leur impact possible sur IsraĂ«l.This paper will attempt to trace the history and political context of archaeological commemoration in Palestine-Israel, from the efforts of 19th-century European scientific societies to stake claims for certain prominent sites, through the regulatory activities of the Mandatory Department of Antiquities, through the establishment of a formalized National Park Authority in the State of Israel. Attention will also be paid to the distinctive status of archaeological remains in the West Bank – under Jordanian and Israeli administration – and to the prospects of a new era under Palestinian autonomy. Beyond the specific case studies presented here, the paper will attempt to characterize traditional archaeological commemoration as a form of symbolic discourse in which a society’s modern political takens-for-granted are retrojected into the distant past and made to seem eternal and inevitable. Special attention will be paid to the subtle messages conveyed by the choice of sites and structures to be preserved, methods of presentation, and the compound symbolic message – almost amounting to symbolic statement of identity – of the society’s entire range of historical, archaeological, natural, and recreational sites. Finally, some disturbing international trends in the presentation and interpretation of archaeological sites (ethnic fragmentation, on the one hand, and theme park-type developments, on the other) will be examined for their possible impact in Israel

    David Lowenthal (1923−2018)

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    Peer Comment

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    Peer comment on: Crime, Controversy and the Comments Section: Discussing archaeological looting, trafficking, and the illicit antiquities trade online by Meg Lambert and Donna Yate

    Les usages politiques du passé

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    Que le passĂ© se prĂȘte Ă  des usages politiques, toute l’histoire de l’historiographie l’atteste. D’oĂč vient alors que le souci d’une manipulation du passĂ© se fasse toujours plus insistant, comme en tĂ©moignent la rĂ©cente querelle des historiens allemands sur la signification du nazisme ou celle, en cours, sur le communisme ? Autour de quelques dossiers actuels, cet ouvrage s’attache Ă  rĂ©flĂ©chir sur notre prĂ©sent historiographique et ses multiples usages politiques

    Settler-Colonialism, Memoricide and Indigenous Toponymic Memory: The Appropriation of Palestinian Place Names by the Israeli State

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    Cartography, place-naming and state-sponsored explorations were central to the modern European conquest of the earth, empire building and settler-colonisation projects. Scholars often assume that place names provide clues to the historical and cultural heritage of places and regions. This article uses social memory theory to analyse the cultural politics of place-naming in Israel. Drawing on Maurice Halbwachs’ study of the construction of social memory by the Latin Crusaders and Christian medieval pilgrims, the article shows Zionists’ toponymic strategies in Palestine, their superimposition of Biblical and Talmudic toponyms was designed to erase the indigenous Palestinian and Arabo-Islamic heritage of the land. In the pre-Nakba period Zionist toponymic schemes utilised nineteenth century Western explorations of Biblical ‘names’ and ‘places’ and appropriated Palestinian toponyms. Following the ethnic cleansing of Palestine in 1948, the Israeli state, now in control of 78 percent of the land, accelerated its toponymic project and pursued methods whose main features were memoricide and erasure. Continuing into the post-1967 occupation, these colonial methods threaten the destruction of the diverse historical cultural heritage of the land
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