Variability and stability of tuber yield of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.)

The objective of this paper was to estimate the genetic and ecological variation as well as the stability of tuber yield per plant, tuber number per plant and tuber size of Jerusalem artichoke based on the results of a variety trial carried out with 20 different Jerusalem artichoke varieties during the period of 1994-2000. Significant genetic as well as ecological variation was observed for all of the traits studied. The most promising varieties showing high tuber yield combined with high yield stability were 'BT-4', 'Violet Rennes' and 'UKR 4/82'. It is encouraging that the highest yielding varieties exhibited a rather stable performance over environments

Agrobiološke osobine različitih genotipova običnog prosa (Panicum miliaceum L.) u redovnoj i postrnoj setvi

Agro-biological traits of common millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) genotypes were studied on experimental lots of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Bački Petrovac, Serbia in 2009 and 2010. The study included 16 genotypes of millet grown and used in selection programs in Serbia and abroad. Crops in trials were based on regular and stubble crops. A significant variability appeared during and at the end of growing season in the number of days from emergence to earing of some genotypes of millet, plant height, grain yield, 1000-grain weight and test weight of the test material, and it can be used as a good basis for further work on breeding and improvement of common millet. Cluster analysis identified genotypes with high performance for yield per plant, but also good stability of other studied parameters. Studies have shown that the genetic factor had significant effect on realized values of all tested traits. The difference between the yield of millet in regular and stubble crops was also statistically significant. Out of 9 varieties and lines of millet, 3 of them achieved a higher yield in stubble crops. From the point of agro-biological traits, 2010 was more favourable for the production of millet.Na oglednim parcelama Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad, u Bačkom Petrovcu u toku 2009. i 2010. istraživane su agrobiološke osobine različitih genotipova običnog prosa (Panicum miliaceum L.). U istraživanja je bilo uključeno 16 genotipova prosa koje se gaje i koriste u selekcijskim programima kod nas i u svetu. Usev u ogledima zasnovan je u redovnoj i postrnoj setvi. U toku i na kraju vegetacije utvrđena je značajna varijabilnost broja dana od nicanja do klasanja pojedinih genotipova prosa, visine biljke, prinosa zrna, mase 1000 zrna i hektolitarske masa ispitivanog materijala i ona može poslužiti kao dobra osnova za dalji rad na oplemenjivanju i unapređenju proizvodnje običnog prosa. Klaster analiza identifikovala je genotipove sa visokim performansama za prinos po biljci ali i dobre stabilnosti ostalih ispitivanih parametara. Istraživanja su pokazala da je genetski faktor bio veoma značajnog uticaja ostvarene vrednosti svih ispitivanih svojstava. Razlike između prinosa zrna prosa u redovnoj i postrnoj setvi takođe su bile statistički značajne. Od 9 sorti i linija prosa, tri su postigle viši prinos u postrnoj setvi. Sa aspekta agrobioloških osobina 2010. je bila povoljnija godina za proizvodnju prosa

Yield component analysis and diversity in Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.)

The objective of this study was to analyze the variability and mutual dependence of the tuber weight per plant, tuber number per plant, average tuber weight and total sugars content in the tubers of 20 Jerusalem artichoke genotypes included in a varietal trial conducted in the period 1994-2008. The variability of tuber weight per plant, tuber number per plant and average tuber weight was significantly affected by environmental conditions, while the total sugars content in the tubers depended primarily on the genotype. As the tuber weight per plant increased, the content of total sugars in the tubers decreased. Maximum tuber weight per plant was achieved with the genotype BT-4 and highest contents of total sugars in tubers were found in the genotypes Violet Rennes, UKR 5/82 and Topianca

Uticaj agroklimatskih uslova na sadržaj glavnih kanabinoida u industrijskoj konoplji (Cannabis sativa L.)

In a six-year field experiment eight industrial hemp varieties were examined for ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) contents. The study analyzed the influence of growing degree days (GDD), soil temperature at 5 cm, air humidity, and growing season precipitation on the levels of the main cannabinoids in this crop. Agroclimatic conditions do not influence THC and CBD contents in industrial hemp in the same way. THC synthesis and accumulation are under the significant positive influence of GDD and air humidity and under the negative influence of precipitation, while soil temperature at 5 cm has no significant effect on it. Soil temperature at 5 cm has a significant positive effect on the CBD content, as do GDD. Precipitation has a negative influence on the CBD content of industrial hemp, while air humidity has no influence on it.U poljskim ogledima je tokom šest godina osam sorti industrijske konoplje ispitivano na sadržaj ∆9-tetrahidrokanabinola (THC) i kanabidiola (CBD). Analiziran je uticaj sume temperatura (growing degree days GDD), temperature zemljišta na 5 cm, vlažnosti vazduha i sume padavina tokom vegetacionog perioda na sadržaj glavnih kanabinoida. Agroklimatski uslovi ne utiču u istoj meri na sadržaj THC i CBD u industrijskoj konoplji. Sinteza i akumulacija THC protiče pod značajnim pozitivnim uticajem GDD i vlažnosti vazduha i negativnim uticajem sume padavina. Temperatura zemljišta na 5 cm nema značajnog efekta na sadržaj THC, ali zato signifikantno utiče na sadržaj CBD, isto kao i GDD. Suma padavina ima izražen negativan efekat, dok je uticaj vlažnosti vazduha na sadržaj CBD u industrijskoj konoplji zanemarljiv

Path analiza kvantitativnih svojstava sirka metlaša - komponente visine biljke

Field trail with broomcorn was set up during three agro climatic divergent years (2006, 2009, 2011) in Bački Petrovac, Serbia. Components of plant height were analyzed on nine different origin broomcorn varieties. Relationships between components of height were determined by correlation and path analysis. Panicle length is a stabile trait of broomcorn composed of peduncle length and fiber length. Increasing fiber length is connected with decreasing peduncle length which is in direct connection with panicle exertion. Negative value of panicle exertion is the main problem in manual harvest of broomcorn panicles. Fiber length is directly influenced by panicle length, peduncle length and panicle exertion. These traits can be taken as a selection criterion in program of broomcorn breeding for fiber length.Poljski ogledi sa sirkom metlašem su izvođeni tokom tri agroklimatski divergentne godine (2006, 2009, 2011.) na lokalitetu Bački Petrovac. Analizirane su komponente visine devet sorti različitog porekla. Na osnovu rezultata korelacione i path koeficijent analize determinisana je priroda povezanosti komponenti visine sirka metlaša. Dužina metlice je stabilna osobina sirka metlaša koja se sastoji od dužine drške i dužine peteljki. Sa povećanjem dužine peteljki dolazi do smanjenja dužine drške usled čega se smanjuje i eksponiranost metlice, što predstavlja osnov- ni problem pri ručnoj žetvi. Na formiranje dužine peteljki ima značajan direktan uticaj dužina metlice, dužina drške metlice i eksponiranost metlice. Ove osobine se mogu posmatrati kao selekcioni kriterijum pri definisanju programa oplemenjivanja sirka metlaša na dužinu peteljki

Úroda a ukazovatele kvality vybraných odrôd konopy siatej (Cannabis sativa L.) pestovaných v Srbsku

Interest in growing hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is constantly increasing. Different varieties of hemp grown in Serbia (Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Bački Petrovac) were evaluated by plant height, stem yield, fibre content, fibre yield and seed yield. Carmagnola variety reached the highest height, Fedora 17 the lowest. Stem yields, which averaged 13.23±2.93 t/ha, had a high correlation relationship with plant height. The highest and demonstrably most significant fibre content was found in the variety Bialobrzeskia (30.77±0.78%). The fibre yield averaged 3.3±0.64 t/ha. The highest seed fertility was shown by the Novosadska variety. A significant difference (P≤0.05) between 2017 and 2018 in seed production was 51.28 kg/ha. The results of the experiment indicate the importance of the genotype x environment interaction in hemp production.Záujem o pestovanie konopy siatej sa neustále zvyšuje. Rôzne odrody konopy pestované v Srbsku (Ústav poľných a zeleninových plodín, Bački Petrovac) boli hodnotené podľa výšky rastlín, úrody stonky, obsahu vlákna, úrodnosti vlákna a úrody semena. Najvyššiu výšku dosiahla odroda Carmagnola, najnižšiu Fedora 17. Úrody stonky, ktoré boli v priemere 13,23±2,93 t/ha, s výškou rastlín mali vysoký korelačný vzťah. Najvyšší a preukázateľne najvýznamnejší obsah vlákna bol zistený v odrode Bialobrzeskia (30,77±0,78%). Úroda vlákna bola v priemere 3,3±0,64 t/ha. Najvyššiu úrodnosť semena vykazovala odroda Novosadska. Štatisticky preukazný rozdiel P≤0,05 medzi rokmi 2017 a 2018 v produkcii osiva bol 51,28 kg/ha. Výsledky experimentu poukazujú na dôležitosť interakcie genotyp x prostredie pri produkcii konopy siatej

Deformisane metlice sirka metlaša [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] u zavisnosti od veličine vegetacionog prostora biljaka

Field trial was set up in Šajkaš in 2002 and 2003 to estimate influence of vegetative space per plant on formation of defective broomcorn panicle (spike, crooked, wrinkled). Experiment included two commercial broomcorn varieties (Neoplanta plus and Prima), two row widths (50 and 70 cm) and six different distances among plants in row (5, 9, 13, 17, 21 and 25 cm). All trial variants included certain percentage of defective panicles formed under the influence of vegetative space per plant and agroclimatic conditions. Spike panicles generally appeared in high density and crooked panicles in low density crop. Lowest percentage of defective panicles appeared in crop with 100,000-120,000 plants per hectare. Considering yield, optimum broomcorn planting recommendation is 150,000-160,000 plants per hectare, with 50 cm between rows and 13 cm between plants, or 70 cm between rows and 9 cm between plants in a row.Poljski ogledi koji su obuhvatali dve sorte sirka metlaša (Neoplanta plus i Prima), dva međuredna razmaka setve (50 i 70 cm) i 6 različitih razmaka biljaka u redu (5, 9, 13, 17, 21 i 25 cm) postavljeni su tokom dve godine (2002. i 2003.) na lokalitetu Šajkaš radi ispitivanja uticaja veličina vegetacionog prostora biljaka na formiranje deformisanih metlica (čačkalice, lulaste i kudrave metlice). U svim varijantama ogleda formira se određeni procenat deformisanih metlica. Na njihovo formiranje utiče godina i veličina vegetacionog prostora biljaka. U uslovima gustog sklopa formiraju se pretežno čačkalice, dok u retkom sklopu dominiraju lulaste metlice. Najmanji procenat deformacija se formira u porastu sa 100 000-120 000 biljaka na hektar. Uzimajući u obzir prinose, kao optimalno rešenje za setvu preporučuje se sklop od 150 000-160 000 biljaka na hektar, odnosno pri međurednom razmaku od 50 cm, setva na razmak između biljaka u redu 13 cm, a pri međurednom razmaku od 70 cm setva na razmak između biljaka u redu 9 cm

Razvoj sortimenta sirka metlaša u Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo Novi Sad

Broomcorn breeding program at Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops Novi Sad has been in continuation since 1952. According to the demand of broomcorn and broom producers, in several cycles during this period, five generations of breeders have exploited wealthy genetic collection and created 11 broomcorn cultivars. In the beginning, the primary target was creation of European dwarf type cultivars. This phase has resulted in three cultivars 'Bački biser', 'Neoplanta' and 'Panonija'. Next phase, which was crowned with cultivars 'Sava', 'Tisa', 'Jumak' and 'Jantar', was focused on higher yield and better quality of broomcorn brushes. Contemporary cultivars 'Reform' and 'Neoplanta plus' which preserve good agro-technological traits of former cultivars, are selected to early maturity and fiber fineness. Selection of new cultivars 'Tan Sava' and 'No. 5' was concentrated on elimination of red coloration of panicles and even earlier maturity. Newly selected inbred lines tolerant to plant diseases and with positive panicle exertion are presently tested as parental lines in experimental hybrids.U Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo Novi Sad program oplemenjivanja sirka metlaša u kontinuitetu traje od 1952. godine. Polazeći od zahteva proizvođača sirka i metli, tokom ovog perioda pet generacija oplemenjivača je u nekoliko ciklusa stvorilo 11 sorti koristeći bogatu genetsku kolekciju. U samom početku primarni cilj je bio stvaranje sorti u tipu evropskog niskog sirka iz čega su proizišle tri najstarije sorte 'Bački biser', 'Neoplanta' i 'Panonija'. Sledeća faza koja je krunisana sortama 'Sava', 'Tisa', 'Jumak' i 'Jantar' odnosila se na povećanje prinosa i poboljšanje kvaliteta sirkove slame. Sada gajene sorte 'Reform' i 'Neoplanta plus' pored očuvanja povoljnih agrotehnoloških osobina selekcionisane su na ranozrelost, odnosno finoću slame. Kod sorti koje su u priznavanju 'Tan Sava' i 'No. 5', akcenat je dat na odstranjenju crvenog bojenja metlice i na još izraženije skraćenje vegetacionog perioda. Novostvorene linije, otporne prema bolestima i sa eksponiranom metlicom, kao roditeljske komponente testiraju se u eksperimentalnim hibridima

Interakcija genotip x spoljna sredina za komponente prinosa sirka metlaša

The aim of this investigation was to study the ecological stability of yield components (weight of undressed and trashed panicle and seed weight per panicle) in fourteen varieties of broomcorn. Our current varieties was compared with our old, Hungarian and American varieties. Investigations were carried out under field conditions in a micro trial set up in a randomized block design providing five replications in seven ecologically different years. Stability parameters were computed using the model of Eberhart and Russell (1966). The results of this investigation showed that the genotypes differed in stability parameters for the characters studied. Variety Sava show good stability in all growing conditions. Variety Neoplanta plus was adapted to favorable and variety Reform to unfavorable conditions. Varieties with best performances in regard to yield components did not also show best stability.U radu je ispitivana stabilnost komponenti prinosa sada gajenih domaćih sorti strka metlaša upoređenju sa starim domaćim, mađarskim i američkim sortama. Sorta Sava je ispoljila dobru stabilnost u svim uslovima gajenja. Sorta Neoplanta plus se pokazala usko adaptirana povoljnim uslovima spoljne sredine. Sorta Reform je bila prosečno stabilna u nepovoljnim uslovima