Design and Simulation of Methanol Production Process from CO2 and CO Hydrogenation with Reverse Water-Gas Shift Reaction

Over the past century, Due to the excessive utilization of fossil fuels and increasing population around the globe, the anthropogenic emissions of CO2 have increased drastically. The captured CO2 can be utilized as to turn into a profitable business in addition to its positive impact of controlling the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. A production process of high purity methanol from CO2 captured has been discussed in detail in this paper. The process is designed and simulated with Pro/II V.10.2. A comparison is made of the overall methanol yield resulting from consideration of only CO2 hydrogenation and the reverse water gas shift reaction with the addition of CO hydrogenation reaction in the reactor. The reaction set was chosen accordingly. The balance on CO2 in the process showed that it is possible to abate 2.12 tonnes of CO2 per tonne of methanol produced. The CO2 and H2 were used in the ratio 1:3 and the methanol so obtained was 4139 kg/h (overall yield of 0.47) with 99 % purity. This shows that the reaction kinetics and the process flow proposed in this paper can be employed

REVIEW ON WEED CONTROL IN GLYPHOSATE TOLERANT MAIZE

Weeds are a constant nuisance for farmers, which steal space and nutrients from the crops. Weed management is the botanical component which attempts to stop noxious weeds from competing with desired flora and fauna including domesticated plants. It is preventing of non-native species competing with native species. Growth of various weeds has been major problem in the yield of many plants. It has also affected the growth and development of maize as it competes with the space and nutrients. Different weed management techniques have been introduced till date to increase the yield and to control the weeds, also, aiming less effect of the techniques on the main plant. Generally, preventive, biological, cultural, mechanical and chemical weed control methods are used. Advancements in plant biotechnology have allowed the development of a number of herbicide resistant crops which is a success in chemical weed management of the crops. They have provided the requisite tools to transform the plants to contain the foreign genes. Genetically engineered herbicide resistant crops have been widely planted globally since their introduction in 1995. These developments offer new approaches to managing weeds in cropping systems. This technology offers some advantages over currently used systems.</jats:p

Process Modeling and Simulation of Ammonia Production from Natural Gas: Control and Response Analysis

Optimal production of ammonia (NH3) using natural gas is necessary in order to make it available for wide range of applications including the manufacture of fertilizers, fuel for transportation and during synthesis of some chemicals. Achieving this would require strategic implementation of a control scheme to simulated ammonia production, capable of ensuring adequate realization of production targets. The work involves ASPEN Plus modeling, simulation, sensitivity analysis and control of NH3 production process. Steam/carbon ratio, conversion of CH4, removal of carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen/nitrogen ratio and heat exchanger and separator temperatures were identified as requiring control in units any of these specifically impacts. As a result, approximately 176 tons of NH3 was realized daily based on the simulation results and can be scaled-up using a calculated factor equivalent to 1.1375 to 200 tons/day capacity, in this design. Sensitivity analysis resulting in control of certain unit parameters is effective in ensuring process safety, maximum yield of important end-products and reduction in the cost of operation</jats:p