Forvaltningsrelevante naturenheter i sjø — Forslag til forvaltningsrelevante naturenheter for fiskeri og havbruk.

Stortingsmeldingen «Natur for livet - Norsk handlingsplan for naturmangfold» (Meld. St. 14 (2015-2016)) peker på viktigheten av å sikre fremtidige generasjoners mulighet til å skape verdier basert på velfungerende økosystemer, og i den sammenheng behovet for å kartlegge natur. I forbindelse med forvaltningens oppgave om å lage en framtidig samlet offentlig instruks for kartlegging av marin natur, utarbeidet NIVA, på bestilling fra Miljødirektoratet, en rapport (NIVA rapport L.NR 7672-2021) med forslag til relevante forvaltningsenheter. Rapporten tok utgangspunkt i kartlegging ved bruk av NiN kartleggingssystem, og foreslo et utvalg naturtyper som enten er truet, viktige for mange arter, dekker sentrale økosystemfunksjoner, eller er spesielt dårlig kartlagt. Aktuelle rapport er svar på en bestilling fra Fiskeridirektoratet, der Havforskningsinstituttet bes om å supplere ovennevnte rapport med naturenheter som er viktig for fiskeri og havbruksnæringen. For å kunne kartlegge områder som er sentrale for viktige økosystemtjenester, foreslår Havforskningsinstituttet å utvide naturenheter til også å omfatte funksjonsområder for arter, og områder viktig for struktur og sentrale økosystemprosesser. Totalt foreslås 20 abiotiske fysiske enheter, 3 biotiske fysiske enheter, 6 hovedgrupper av funksjonsområder (for totalt 46 arter) og 9 struktur og prosessområder som grunnlag for kartlegging av marin natur. Foreliggende rapport er et første utkast til Havforskningsinstituttet sin anbefaling ved valg av kartleggingsenheter i sjø. Ny og utfyllende kunnskap om arter og prosesser, vil kunne endre bildet om hva som er mest presserende å ivareta.Forvaltningsrelevante naturenheter i sjø — Forslag til forvaltningsrelevante naturenheter for fiskeri og havbruk.publishedVersio

Nasjonal kartlegging av biologisk mangfold – kyst. Diskusjon og forslag til revidering av kriterier for verdisetting av marine naturtyper og nøkkelområder

Miljøverndepartementet, Fiskeri- og kystdepartementet og Forsvarsdepartementet har i perioden 2007-2010 finansiert Nasjonalt program for kartlegging og overvåking av biologisk mangfold - marint. Kartleggingen er basert på DNs håndbok 19-2001, revidert 2007. I denne rapporten ønsker faggruppen (Norsk institutt for vannforskning, Havforskningsinstituttet og Norges geologiske undersøkelse) å fremme forslag til revidering av kriterier for verdisetting av marine naturtyper og nøkkelområder i henhold til kriterier gitt i DNs håndbok 19. Arbeidet har tatt utgangspunkt i et utvalg av kriteriesett gitt i DNs håndbok 19, og gir en diskusjon og forslag til en revidering av disse, basert på ny kunnskap som har kommet til gjennom kartleggingsarbeidet. Det har ikke vært mulig å teste de nye forslagene til reviderte kriterier til fulle, hverken med hensyn til gjennomførbarhet eller konsekvenser med hensyn til verdisetting i forhold til de tidligere kriteriene. Vi vil derfor understreke at dette er forslag til nye kriterier for verdisetting som fortsatt er under validering

Small-scale genetic structure in a marine population in relation to water circulation and egg characteristics

Until the last decade it was assumed that most marine species have pronounced gene flow over vast areas, largely because of their potential for dispersal during early life stages. However, recent genetic, modeling, and field studies have shown that marine populations may be structured at scales that are inconsistent with extensive dispersal of eggs and larvae. Such findings have stimulated the birth of new studies explaining the mechanisms that promote population structure and isolation in the oceans, in the face of high potential for dispersal. Here we study the vertical and horizontal distribution of cod (Gadus morhua) eggs in relation to small-scale circulation and water column hydrography in a coastal location of southern Norway. Previous studies conducted in this region have shown that cod populations inhabiting fjord locations, which are on average 30 km apart, are genetically differentiated, a remarkable outcome considering that Atlantic cod have pelagic egg stages and long pelagic larval duration. We document that cod eggs are found in greater abundance in shallow water layers, which on average are flowing up the fjord (away from the open ocean), and in the inner portion of the fjord, which is subject to lower current speeds compared to the outer or mouth of the fjord. Eggs were found to be neutrally buoyant at shallow depths, a trait that also favors local retention, given the local circulation. The same patterns held during two environmentally contrasting years. These results strongly suggest that population structure of Atlantic cod is favored and maintained by a balance between water circulation and egg characteristics

Kunnskapsstatus leppefisk : Utfordringer i et økende fiskeri

Over the past few years there has been a rapid increase in the use of wrasses as cleanerfish for sealice on salmon farms. During 2010, the landed catch of wrasse was 440 tons, more than twice the 2009 catch and nearly ten times the 2008 catch. This rapid and exrteme increase in the fishing pressure on these species has occurred despite very limited knowledge of their biology, ecology and population dynamics. This has led to justifiable concern about the sustainibility of this resource. Wrasse demonstrate specialized life history traits. Many species change sex during their lifetime and exhibit species-specific mating behaviour, including nest building and parental care of eggs. This mating strategy lends to limited dispersal of offspring, ond only goldsinny wrasse have pelagic eggs. Many adult individuals are stationary, thereby creating a population struction dominated by Iocal populations. This population structure is also documented through genetic sludies in corkwing and goldsinny wrasse. Small local populations are more vulnerable to overfishing and possible extinction of local genetic adaptations. Studies of growth of wild wrasse demonstrate that goldsinsy and rock cook grow slower than corkwing. This suggests that the first two will take longer to recover from heavy fishing pressure. Results presented here suggest that both the composition of species and the size distribution; vary between habitats, particularly between exposed and sheltered areas. More precise and complete information on population structure. growth and maturation of these species is required 10 provide the knowledge base for sustainable fishing. Better knowledge of the health and welfare of these species - in salmon co-culture scenarios - is also needed

Current knowledge on wrasse - challenges in an increasing fishery

Over the past few years there has been a rapid increase in the use of wrasses as cleanerfish for sealice on salmon farms. During 2010, the landed catch of wrasse was 440 tons, more than twice the 2009 catch and nearly ten times the 2008 catch. This rapid and exrteme increase in the fishing pressure on these species has occurred despite very limited knowledge of their biology, ecology and population dynamics. This has led to justifiable concern about the sustainibility of this resource. Wrasse demonstrate specialized life history traits. Many species change sex during their lifetime and exhibit species-specific mating behaviour, including nest building and parental care of eggs. This mating strategy lends to limited dispersal of offspring, ond only goldsinny wrasse have pelagic eggs. Many adult individuals are stationary, thereby creating a population struction dominated by Iocal populations. This population structure is also documented through genetic sludies in corkwing and goldsinny wrasse. Small local populations are more vulnerable to overfishing and possible extinction of local genetic adaptations. Studies of growth of wild wrasse demonstrate that goldsinsy and rock cook grow slower than corkwing. This suggests that the first two will take longer to recover from heavy fishing pressure. Results presented here suggest that both the composition of species and the size distribution; vary between habitats, particularly between exposed and sheltered areas. More precise and complete information on population structure. growth and maturation of these species is required 10 provide the knowledge base for sustainable fishing. Better knowledge of the health and welfare of these species - in salmon co-culture scenarios - is also needed