OMASES: A DYNAMIC SECURITY ASSESSMENT TOOL FOR THE NEW MARKET ENVIRONMENT

peer reviewedThe paper presents the efforts and results of a large consortium of European Industries, Research Centers and Universities involved in an EU research project named OMASES in the field of Power System Dynamic Security Assessment (DSA). The overall structure of an on-line DSA tool including TSA – Transient Stability Assessment, VSA – Voltage Stability Assessment, TS – Training Simulator and MS – Market Simulator is reported. Some basic assumptions and methodological aspects of the tool are presented considering its possible use within actual or future Energy Management Systems under the new electric market environment. Scenarios set up for the validation phase and results are reported with reference to the Italian test facility

Correlation between the Structure and Wettability of Photoswitchable Hydrophilic Azobenzene Monolayers on Silicon

Photoresponsive monolayers of hydrophilically substituted azobenzenes have been prepared by reaction on aminosilane monolayers on silicon surfaces. Grafting densities in the 0.2–1.0 molecule/nm2 range were determined by X-ray reflectometry. The monolayers exhibit reversible photoisomerization, switching from a more hydrophilic trans state to a less hydrophilic cis state upon UV irradiation, in contrast with the usual behavior of most azobenzene monolayers that switch from a less to a more hydrophilic state. This indicates that the wettability is not dominated by the change in the dipole moment of the azobenzene moiety but originates from variations in the composition of the outer surface of the monolayers resulting from the reorientation of the substituent groups. The light-driven change in the water contact angle correlates linearly with the grafting density but remains small. However, the wettability contrast can be increased by forcing the molecules to stand in an improved vertical orientation, either by densifying the underlying aminosilane monolayer or by filling the voids left at the bottom of the layer of grafted azobenzene molecules