Cerebrospinal Fluid Tau Protein Levels and F-18-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in the Differential Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease

Aims: In this study, we aimed to compare cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated tau (p-tau(181)) and positron emission tomography with F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG-PET) in the differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) under clinical conditions. Method: In a cross-sectional, blinded, single-center study, we examined a sample of 75 unselected memory clinic patients with clinical diagnoses of dementia of Alzheimer type (DAT; n = 24), amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 16), other dementias (n = 13) and nondemented controls (n = 22). Discriminative accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were calculated and compared using ROC analyses. Results: p-tau(181) and FDG-PET were comparable in separating DAT from controls (sensitivity: 67 vs. 79%; specificity: 91% for both) and patients with other dementias (sensitivity: 71 vs. 79%; specificity: 100% for both). The sensitivity of p-tau 181 in differentiating MCI patients from controls was significantly (p < 0.05) superior to that of FDG-PET (75 vs. 44%) at a comparably high specificity (82 vs. 91%); t-tau measures were less accurate in all analyses. Conclusions: FDG-PET and CSF p-tau(181) levels are able to discriminate DAT in heterogeneous and unselected samples with a high accuracy. CSF p-tau(181) might be somewhat superior for a sensitive detection of patients with MCI. Copyright (C) 2010 S. Karger AG, Base

Механизм самовозгорания угля

В работе проведено моделирование процесса зарождения очага эндогенного пожара и намечены пути мобильного определение вероятности его возникновения или наличия. Механизм самовозгорания учитывает процессы тепловыделения при нагревании угля, выделения летучих продуктов, трещинообразование и изменение режима доступа кислорода в очаг реакции в ходе его эволюции. Проведено математическое моделирование процесса самовозгорания угля трех марок угля - антрацит, коксующийся, жирный, проведен расчет динамики температурных полей на поверхности очага самовозгорания, определены критические условия. Для мобильного определения вероятности возникновения или наличия эндогенного пожара предложено использовать беспилотные летательные аппараты.In this work simulation of spontaneous combustion of coal of three grades - anthracite, coking coal, fat in case of lack of oxygen supply and calculation of dynamics of the temperature fields on the surface was made, critical conditions of the hearth of spontaneous combustion were estimated. The mechanism takes into account the processes of heat release, the release of volatile products, cracking and changes in the mode of access of oxygen to the reaction center during its evolution