Weights for Objects of Monoids

The main objective of the paper is to define the construction of the object of monoids, over a monoidal category object in any 2-category with finite products, as a weighted limit. To simplify the definition of the weight, we use matrices of symmetric (possibly colored) operads that define some auxiliary categories and 2-categories. Systematic use of these matrices of operads allows us to define several similar objects as weighted limits. We show, among others, that the constructions of the object of bi-monoids over a symmetric monoidal category object or the object of actions of monoids along an action of a monoidal category object can be also described as weighted limits.Comment: 19 page

Algorithmic Human Resources Management – Perspectives and Challenges

Theoretical background: Technology – most notably processes of digitalisation, the use of artificial in telligence, machine learning, big data and prevalence of remote work due to pandemic – changes the way organizations manage human resources. One of the increasing trends is the use of so-called “algorithmic management”. It is notably different than previous e-HRM or HRIS (human resources information systems) applications, as it automates HR-related duties. Algorithms, being autonomous computational formulae, are considered objective and mathematically correct decision-making mechanisms. Limiting human in volvement and oversight of the labour process might lead to serious ethical and managerial challenges. Many areas – previously being sole responsibility of managers (including HR managers), like employment relations, hiring, performance management, remuneration – are increasingly affected, or even taken over, by algorithmic management.Purpose of the article: The purpose of this article is to review the development, perspectives and challenges (including possible biases and ethical considerations) of algorithmic human resources management. This novel approach is fuelled by the speeding processes of digitalisation, the use of artificial intelligence, big data and increased analytical capabilities and applications used by contemporary companies. Algorithms are formulas that autonomously make decisions based on statistical models or decision rules without human intervention. Therefore, the use of algorithmic HRM automates decision-making processes and duties of human resources managers, thereby limiting human involvement and oversight, which can have negative consequences for the organization.Research methods: The article provides a critical literature review of theoretical sources and empirical evidence on the application of algorithmic human resources management practices. Scientific journals in the field of human resources management and technology applications have been reviewed, as well as research reports from academic institutions and renowned international organizations.Main findings: Applications of algorithmic human resources management are an emerging field of study that is currently not extensively researched. Little is known about the scale of use as well as consequences of this more automated approach to manage human work. Scarce evidence suggests possible negative con sequences, including ethical concerns, biases leading to discriminatory decisions and adverse employees’ reactions to decisions based on algorithms. After the review of possible future developments and challenges connected to algorithmic HRM, this article proposed actions aimed at re-humanisation of the approach to managerial decision-making with the support of algorithms, ensuring transparency of the algorithms construction and functionalities, and increasing reliability and reduction of possible biases.Theoretical background: Technology – most notably processes of digitalisation, the use of artificial intelligence, machine learning, big data and prevalence of remote work due to pandemic – changes the way organizations manage human resources. One of the increasing trends is the use of so-called “algorithmic management”. It is notably different than previous e-HRM or HRIS (human resources information systems) applications, as it automates HR-related duties. Algorithms, being autonomous computational formulae, are considered objective and mathematically correct decision making mechanisms. Limiting human involvement and oversight of the labour process might lead to serious ethical and managerial challenges. Many areas – previously being sole responsibility of managers (including HR managers), like employment relations, hiring, performance management, remuneration – are increasingly affected, or even taken over, by algorithmic management.Purpose of the article: The purpose of this article is to review the development, perspectives and challenges (including possible biases and ethical considerations) of algorithmic human resources management. This novel approach is fuelled by the speeding processes of digitalisation, the use of artificial intelligence, big data and increased analytical capabilities and applications used by contemporary companies. Algorithms are formulas that autonomously make decisions based on statistical models or decision rules without human intervention. Therefore, the use of algorithmic HRM automates decision-making processes and duties of human resources managers, thereby limiting human involvement and oversight, which can have negative consequences for the organization.Research methods: The article provides a critical literature review of theoretical sources and empirical evidence on the application of algorithmic human resources management practices. Scientific journals in the field of human resources management and technology applications have been reviewed, as well as research reports from academic institutions and renowned international organizations.Main findings: Applications of algorithmic human resources management are an emerging field of study that is currently not extensively researched. Little is known about the scale of use as well as consequences of this more automated approach to manage human work. Scarce evidence suggests possible negative consequences, including ethical concerns, biases leading to discriminatory decisions and adverse employees’ reactions to decisions based on algorithms. After the review of possible future developments and challenges connected to algorithmic HRM, this article proposed actions aimed at re-humanisation of the approach to managerial decision-making with the support of algorithms, ensuring transparency of the algorithms construction and functionalities, and increasing reliability and reduction of possible biases

Tools for Reconciling Professional and Personal Roles in Poland. Challenges and Barriers

One of the key challenges faced by today’s workers is to live at an ever-increasing pace, which creates a conflict between professional and private life. This results from the extension and intensification of working time, the need for constant improvement of competences and, as a result, lack of free time for family life or rest. More and more companies are opting for specialised programmes to prevent imbalances between professional and private life (Work-Life Balance – WLB). However, the scope of solutions applied by Polish employers is not systematically examined. Therefore, the article reviews and analyses the applied solutions in the field of reconciliation of professional and personal life (including family life) in enterprises operating in Poland, as well as barriers and challenges of their implementation. Identified challenges of financial, legislative, organisational and cultural character limit the practical use of such mechanisms.One of the key challenges faced by today’s workers is to live at an ever-increasing pace, which creates a conflict between professional and private life. This results from the extension and intensification of working time, the need for constant improvement of competences and, as a result, lack of free time for family life or rest. More and more companies are opting for specialised programmes to prevent imbalances between professional and private life (Work-Life Balance – WLB). However, the scope of solutions applied by Polish employers is not systematically examined. Therefore, the article reviews and analyses the applied solutions in the field of reconciliation of professional and personal life (including family life) in enterprises operating in Poland, as well as barriers and challenges of their implementation. Identified challenges of financial, legislative, organisational and cultural character limit the practical use of such mechanisms

Barriers to Human Capital Development in Poland

The aim of the article is to present barriers to human capital development in Poland. The research was carried out on 941 respondents, from medium and large companies categorized as knowledge-intensive service (KIS), less-knowledge intensive service (LKIS) and production. The research indicates the following barriers: lack of financial resources, higher priority of other issues/projects/investments, lack of time for developmental actions, lack of consciousness of Board members and managers concerning the importance of development, lack of employees’ eagerness to learn, organizational culture resistant to change

Wstęp

GICID: 01.3001.0009.458

Słowo wstępne

Szanowni Państwo, prezentowany Państwu numer tematyczny kwartalnika Edukacja Ekonomistów i Menedżerów poświęcony jest aktualnej problematyce postaw wobec pracy i ich wpływu na stan i wykorzystanie kapitału ludzkiego w Polsce. Postawy wobec pracy stanowią bowiem o niezwykle istotnym – jakościowym – wymiarze kapitału ludzkiego, zarówno w perspektywie indywidualnej, poszczególnych organizacji czy wreszcie szerokiego rynku pracy. Co warto podkreślić, postawy wobec pracy są pojęciem wielowymiarowym oraz wieloaspektowym i obejmować mogą wymiary satysfakcji, zaangażowania, motywacji, elastyczności, autonomii, odpowiedzialności itp. Zaprezentowane w niniejszym numerze artykuły są wyrazem tej różnorodności. (fragment tekstu