Szientometrische Analyse der wissenschaftlichen Zeitschriftenliteratur zum Thema „ökologische Landwirtschaft“

In this literature review we use basic scientometric indicators to analyze a corpus of 2,801 peer-reviewed scientific journal articles on organic agriculture obtained from the “ISI – Web of Science” databases and compare their dynamic with the general agricultural literature (136,712 articles). Apart from the development and publication growth we review bibliometric data on author, institution, country and language in order to produce insights on the structure of scientific publishing on organic farming

Modeling Storage and Demand Management in Electricity Distribution Grids

Storage devices and demand control may constitute beneficial tools to optimize electricity generation with a large share of intermittent resources through inter-temporal substitution of load. We quantify the related cost reductions in a simulation model of a simplified stylized medium-voltage grid (10kV) under uncertain demand and wind output. Benders Decomposition Method is applied to create a two-stage stochastic program. The model informs an optimal investment sizing decision as regards specific 'smart grid' applications such as storage facilities and meters enabling load control. Model results indicate that central storage facilities are a more promising option for generation cost reductions as compared to demand management. Grid extensions are not appropriate in any of our scenarios. A sensitivity analysis is applied with respect to the market penetration of uncoordinated Plug-In Electric Vehicles which are found to strongly encourage investment into load control equipment for `smart` charging and slightly improve the case for central storage devices.Storage, demand management, stochastic optimization, Benders Decomposition

Betriebswirtschaftlicher Vergleich des Mischfruchtanbaus von Soja und Leindotter mit dem Reinanbau von Soja

Soybean production in organic farming is characterized by widely fluctuating yields,which increase the risk for farmers. One approach to counteract this is a mixed cropping system of soybean and camelina. A two-year on-farm experiment showed, that the labour- and directcosts free output for wide yield range of soya is higher in mixed cropping compared to soya monoculture. In seasons with a low soybean yield mixed cultivation can be more effective due to the compensation benefit of camelina

Biogas in Organic Agriculture: Utopia, Dead-End or Role model? - A Synopsis

Present-day organic biogas production provokes controversy of its role between the poles of societal demands, principles of organic agriculture and economic constraints. By integrating multiple arguments on organic biogas in a meta-level, several future trends are identified. However, only one option seems reasonable, where anaerobic digestion on a confined scale, mainly based on residual substrate input, serves both energy and food security demands while enhancing the productivity of organic farming systems

Einsatz konventionell erzeugter Kosubstrate zur Biogasgewinnung im Öko-Landbau

This article determines type and amount of non-organic substrates used for biogas production on organic farms in Germany. Furthermore, it discusses determinants and problems of non-organic substrate use. Conventional substrate – mainly maize – is extensively used in larger biogas plants on farms without sufficient land area and/or low stocking rates per kWel. These overcapacities of organic biogas plants may represent maladjustment to external preconditions as a result of bad planning as well as carefully considered exploitations of business opportunities on the basis of external inputs. In order to reduce non-organic substrate use due to bad planning, on one hand biogas consulting services which account for the particular conditions of organic agriculture should be enhanced, on the other hand farmers need to seek independent advice before concluding an agreement with an engineering company

Praxisforschungsnetzwerke - Eine explorative Studie mit Akteuren der ökologischen Landwirtschaft in Hessen

In der Praxisforschung werden LandwirtInnen als aktiv Handelnde in den Forschungsprozess eingebunden. LandwirtInnen, BeraterInnen und ForscherInnen gestalten Fragen und Inhalte gemeinsam. Dadurch entstehen Synergieeffekte, die Innovationen für eine nachhaltige Landwirtschaft hervorbringen. Durch langjährige Zusammenarbeit in Netzwerken kann erfolgsentscheidenes Vertrauen zwischen den Akteuren aufgebaut werden. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wurden im April 2018 acht Akteure aus Hessen (LandwirtInnen, BeraterInnen und ForscherInnen) zur Praxisforschung in Hessen befragt. Hierzu wurde die Methode der Fokusgruppendiskussion genutzt. Die befragten Akteure nehmen eine Expertenstellung innerhalb ihrer Akteursgruppe ein. Die Analyse der Fokusgruppendiskussion zeigt, dass zur Zeit nur wenig Praxisforschung in Hessen betrieben wird und die Akteursgruppen schlecht untereinander vernetzt sind. Die Rahmenbedingungen für intensivere Zusammenarbeit sind sehr gut: Finanzmittel stehen zur Verfügung (Ökoaktionsplan), es gibt motivierte Akteure, es sind viele Universitäten ansässig und erfolgreiche EIP-Projekte bieten eine gute Ausgangsbasis. Um Praxisforschung im ökologischen Landbau in Hessen zu etablieren, werden AnsprechpartnerInnen und eine entsprechende Institutionalisierung benötigt. Die VÖL (Vereinigung Ökologischer Landbau in Hessen e.V.) bietet interessante Voraussetzungen für die Koordination eines Praxisforschungsnetzwerks. Die zur Zeit limitierte Versuchstechnik, eingeschränkte zeitliche Kapazitäten und räumliche Distanzen müssen dabei ebenso realistisch berücksichtigt werden wie eine faire Kostenverteilung

Das Öko-Kontrollverfahren in Deutschland aus Sicht von Experten

Qualitative interviews with 13 representatives from the organic sector in Germany agencies, and academia) were conducted to investigate the perceptions and opinions regarding the organic certification process. The focus of our analysis was on (i) the reliability of the system, (ii) the cooperation of the various actors, and (iii) the competency/capacity of control personnel

STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL PUBLICATIONS ON ORGANIC AGRICULTURE: A SCIENTOMETRIC REVIEW

Basic scientometric indicators are used to analyze the corpus of 2,801 peer-reviewed scientific journal articles on organic agriculture obtained from the so-called ‘Web of Science’ databases and to compare their dynamic with the general agricultural literature (136,712 articles). Apart from the development and publication growth we review bibliometric data on author, institution, country and language in order to produce insights on the structure of international publishing on organic farming

Keeping Pigou on tracks: second-best carbon pricing and infrastructure provision

Long-lived public infrastructure (for example roads) complements private goods (cars) and may perpetuate carbon-intensive demand patterns and technologies far into the future. Thus, climate policy must combine `direct' instruments such as carbon taxation with public investment shifts (from roads towards rails or bicycle paths). This is particularly important and complex because infrastructure supply changes slowly and carbon taxation may be politically constrained: This paper shows that if carbon taxation is non-optimal, infrastructure provision should be used to actively change private behavior. Nevertheless, if one instrument is restricted, the other may also have to be less ambitious: Intuitively, if clean infrastructure provision is non-optimal, polluting should also be penalized less (and vice versa), unless welfare gains from environmental quality are large. More precisely, for two public goods complementing private goods in utility, general second-best policy conditions are derived and applied to a specific utility function. Constrained public spending composition leaves the (Pigouvian) tax rule unchanged, but constrained taxation implies that the environmental externality enters the condition for public spending composition. Nevertheless, the second-best level of either policy instrument is below its first-best when `dirty' consumption is sufficiently important in utility