21,114 research outputs found
Invariances and Equations of Motion in Double Field Theory
We investigate the full set of equations of motion in double field theory and
discuss their O(D,D) symmetry and gauge transformation properties. We obtain a
Ricci-like tensor, its associated Bianchi identities, and relate our results to
those with a generalized metric formulation.Comment: 24 page
Green-Schwarz Formulation of Self-Dual Superstring
The self-dual superstring has been described previously in a
Neveu-Schwarz-Ramond formulation with local N=2 or 4 world-sheet supersymmetry.
We present a Green-Schwarz-type formulation, with manifest spacetime
supersymmetry.Comment: 11 pg., (uuencoded dvi file) ITP-SB-92-5
Thermalization via Heat Radiation of an Individual Object Thinner than the Thermal Wavelength
Modeling and investigating the thermalization of microscopic objects with
arbitrary shape from first principles is of fundamental interest and may lead
to technical applications. Here, we study, over a large temperature range, the
thermalization dynamics due to far-field heat radiation of an individual,
deterministically produced silica fiber with a predetermined shape and a
diameter smaller than the thermal wavelength. The temperature change of the
subwavelength-diameter fiber is determined through a measurement of its optical
path length in conjunction with an ab initio thermodynamic model of the fiber
structure. Our results show excellent agreement with a theoretical model that
considers heat radiation as a volumetric effect and takes the emitter shape and
size relative to the emission wavelength into account
Broadband electromagnetic response and ultrafast dynamics of few-layer epitaxial graphene
We study the broadband optical conductivity and ultrafast carrier dynamics of
epitaxial graphene in the few-layer limit. Equilibrium spectra of nominally
buffer, monolayer, and multilayer graphene exhibit significant terahertz and
near-infrared absorption, consistent with a model of intra- and interband
transitions in a dense Dirac electron plasma. Non-equilibrium terahertz
transmission changes after photoexcitation are shown to be dominated by excess
hole carriers, with a 1.2-ps mono-exponential decay that reflects the
minority-carrier recombination time.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, final versio
Mass Upper Bounds for Over 50 Kepler Planets Using Low-S/N Transit Timing Variations
Prospects for expanding the available mass measurements of the Kepler sample
are limited. Planet masses have typically been inferred via radial velocity
(RV) measurements of the host star or time-series modeling of transit timing
variations (TTVs) in multiplanet systems; however, the majority of Kepler hosts
are too dim for RV follow-up, and only a select number of systems have strong
enough TTVs for time-series modeling. Here, we develop a method of constraining
planet mass in multiplanet systems using low signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) TTVs.
For a sample of 175 planets in 79 multiplanet systems from the
California-Kepler Survey, we infer posteriors on planet mass using publicly
available TTV time-series from Kepler. For 53 planets ( of our sample),
low-S/N TTVs yield informative upper bounds on planet mass, i.e., the mass
constraint strongly deviates from the prior on mass and yields a physically
reasonable bulk composition. For 25 small planets, low-S/N TTVs favor
volatile-rich compositions. Where available, low-S/N TTV-based mass constraints
are consistent with RV-derived masses. TTV time-series are publicly available
for each Kepler planet, and the compactness of Kepler systems makes TTV-based
constraints informative for a substantial fraction of multiplanet systems.
Leveraging low-S/N TTVs offers a valuable path toward increasing the available
mass constraints of the Kepler sample.Comment: 18 pages, accepted to A
Model for SU(3) vacuum degeneracy using light-cone coordinates
Working in light-cone coordinates, we study the zero-modes and the vacuum in
a 2+1 dimensional SU(3) gauge model. Considering the fields as independent of
the tranverse variables, we dimensionally reduce this model to 1+1 dimensions.
After introducing an appropriate su(3) basis and gauge conditions, we extract
an adjoint field from the model. Quantization of this adjoint field and field
equations lead to two constrained and two dynamical zero-modes. We link the
dynamical zero-modes to the vacuum by writing down a Schrodinger equation and
prove the non-degeneracy of the SU(3) vacuum provided that we neglect the
contribution of constrained zero-modes.Comment: 22 pages, 5 figure
Commensurability effects in superconducting Nb films with quasiperiodic pinning arrays
We study experimentally the critical depinning current Ic versus applied
magnetic field B in Nb thin films which contain 2D arrays of circular antidots
placed on the nodes of quasiperiodic (QP) fivefold Penrose lattices. Close to
the transition temperature Tc we observe matching of the vortex lattice with
the QP pinning array, confirming essential features in the Ic(B) patterns as
predicted by Misko et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.95, 177007 (2005)]. We find a
significant enhancement in Ic(B) for QP pinning arrays in comparison to Ic in
samples with randomly distributed antidots or no antidots.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
More Discriminants with the Brezing-Weng Method
The Brezing-Weng method is a general framework to generate families of
pairing-friendly elliptic curves. Here, we introduce an improvement which can
be used to generate more curves with larger discriminants. Apart from the
number of curves this yields, it provides an easy way to avoid endomorphism
rings with small class number
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