Epidemiological Situation on the Tick-Borne Viral Encephalitis in the Russian Federation in 2009-2011 and Prognosis for 2012

Analysis of the epidemiological situation on the tick-borne viral encephalitis in the territory of the Russian Federation with due consideration to weekly epidemiological monitoring data (2009-2011), conducted by Rospotrebnadzor organizations in the corresponding constituent entities, testifies of the fact that continuous decrease in morbidity, characteristic of the early XXI century, has given way to a slight increase within the past three years. Given that there are no spring or early-summer weather anomalies or forest fires, morbidity rates among the population of the Russian Federation in 2012 can tend to exceed 2011 rates. Comprehensive set of measures applied for the disease control and prevention in the majority of endemic territories is quite effective in view of averting sharp upturn of morbidity rates, but nevertheless is not sufficient in view of the suppression of epidemiological situation

Epizootological Monitoring and Forecast of the Risks Associated with Infections, Transmitted by Ixodidae Ticks, on the Island Russky in 2016 (Primorsk Territory)

Species composition and contamination by the causative agents of natural focal infections, notably Ixodes ticks, collected in 2014–2015 on the Island Russky were studied. The total of 817 ticks was collected, including Ixodes persulcatus, I. pavlovskyi, Haemaphysalis concinna, H. japonica douglasi. The most of the nymphs (46 specimens) were observed in I. pavlovskyi. Using immune-enzyme analysis, reliably higher rate of positive findings was revealed in I. pavlovskyi (2.2 %) compared to I. persulcatus (0.5 %) while analyzing individual contamination of two Ixodes species. The pattern of inter-specific distinctions did not changed (I. pavlovskyi – 1.3 %; I. persulcatus – 0.5 %) when investigating tick virus burden by means of polymerase chain reaction. However, in case of comparative evaluation, using the same method, of their contamination with borrelia (I. pavlovskyi – 25.1 %; I. persulcatus – 46.4 %), agents of granulocytic anaplasmosis (I. pavlovskyi – 1.9 %; I. persulcatus – 5.7 %) and monocytic ehrlichiosis (I. pavlovskyi – 1.3 %; I. persulcatus – 7.2 %) I. persulcatus showed higher indicators. Only tick-borne encephalitis RNA and borrelia DNA were revealed in I. pavlovskyi nymphs, whereat their contamination by spirochetes (45.7 %) was authentically higher than of imagoes. The natural focus of tick-borne encephalitis on the Island Russky is estimated now as low-active one. At the same time, of Ixodes tick-borne borreliosis – as active, with significant contamination of the tick nymphs with spirochetes. In terms of high nymph contamination it is supposed that in 2016 the risk of Ixodes tick-borne borrelioses morbidity rate will increase for humans visiting the Island within the period of high vector activity (May– June)

СОРБЦИОННОЕ ИЗВЛЕЧЕНИЕ РЕНИЯ ИЗ ХРОМСОДЕРЖАЩИХ СУЛЬФАТНЫХ РАСТВОРОВ НИЗКООСНОВНЫМИ АНИОНИТАМИ СYBBER

Low-basic Cybber anionites with various functional groups and matrix type are tested for recovery of rhenium from multicomponent sulfuric acid solutions. It is established that anionite SX002 manifests an increased capacity during the sorption from solutions with a low Re content, while anionite ALX220 is applicable to recover Re at its high concentrations in the solution. The ionic background of the industrial solution affects the capacity of sorbents with respect to rhenium. When studying the kinetic characteristics, it is revealed that sorption processes on ionites are limited by the internal diffusion. The tests of ionites as applied to Cr-containing solutions indicate the possibility of using anionites ALX220 and SX002 to recover rhenium.Для извлечения рения из многокомпонентных серно-кислотных растворов опробованы образцы низкоосновных анионитов Cybber с различными функциональными группами и типом матрицы. Установлено, что анионит SX002 проявляет повышенную емкость при сорбции из растворов с низким содержанием Re, а ALX220 применим для извлечения Re при его высоких концентрациях в растворе. Ионный фон технологического раствора оказывает влияние на емкость сорбентов по рению. При изучении кинетических характеристик выявлено, что процессы сорбции на ионитах лимитируются внутренней диффузией. Проверка ионитов на технологических Cr-содержащих растворах свидетельствует о возможности применения анионитов ALX220 и SX002 для извлечения рения

Epidemiological Situation on Tick-Borne Viral Encephalitis in the Russian Federation in 2022 and Forecast of its Development for 2023

The aim of this review is to predict the incidence of tick-borne viral encephalitis (TBVE) in the Russian Federation for 2023 based on analysis of the epidemiological situation on TBVE during 2012–2022. Over the decade, the highest incidence of TBVE was registered in the Siberian, Volga and Ural Federal Districts. In 2022, the Ural Federal District took the second place, the share of the North-Western one decreased by almost two times. Ranking of territories according to the rate of TBVE incidence at the level of constituent entities has made it possible to attribute 16 of them to the group of regions with a high epidemic risk, 14 – to medium epidemic risk, and 18 – to a low epidemic risk. In 2022, the incidence of TBVE in Russia increased by 1.9 times compared to 2021, and amounted to 1.34 0/0000. Despite the increase in the incidence of TBVE in 2022, a significant downward trend has been retained. The rate of infection of ticks removed from humans in 2022 was below the long-term average values. PCR and ELISA were applied for tests. Infection rate of ticks from environmental objects when studied by PCR was higher than the multi-year average values, and lower when studied by ELISA. In 2022, 3.5 million people were immunized against TBVE (vaccinated and revaccinated). Emergency immunoprophylaxis with immunoglobulin covered 24.5 % of the people affected by tick bites (children accounted for 34.3 %). The forecast for TBVE incidence in Russia in 2023 remains favorable. It is expected to be reduced to (0.83±0.298) 0/0000. However, there was not only an increase in the number of TBVE cases, but also the proportion of clinical manifestations of the disease, as well as lethal outcomes among those who suffered from tick bites in 2022. If this pattern holds, the incidence of TBVE in 2023 will be higher than predicted, especially in the constituent entities where the share of individuals with manifest forms among those who suffered from tick bites has increased greatly

Epidemiological Situation on Tick-Borne Viral Encephalitis in the Territory of the Russian Federation in 2012 and Prognosis for 2013

Analyzed are the epidemiological situation and preventive measures against tick-borne encephalitis in the territory of the Russian Federation in 2012. Short-term forecast for 2013 is made based on the population morbidity rate in the federal districts of Russia in 2007–2012

Epizootiological Survey of the Isle Russian and Measures Necessary for the Prophylaxis of Tick-Born Infections among Population of the Region and Participants of APEC Summit

In spring, 2011 within the frames of epizootiological survey of the Isle Russian territory, identified were five species of Ixodic ticks: Ixodes persulcatus, I. pavlovskyi, Haemaphysalis concinna, H. japonica douglasi, Dermacentor silvarum. Those ticks were infected with the agents of tick-born encephalitis, borreliosis, rickettsiosis, and monocytic ehrlichiosis. Further preparations for the hosting of APEC Summit in the territory of the Isle in September 2012 involve large-scale construction of various facilities, transformation of natural biotopes, and significant increase in population numbers both permanently and temporally residing in the region. In this connection, a complex of preventive measures aimed at protection of local population and participants of the Summit from tick-borne infections is currently under consideration

Epidemiological Situation on Natural Focal Infectious Diseases of Bacterial and Viral Etiology in 2012 in the Territory of Siberia and Far East, and Prognosis for 2013

Analyzed is the incidence rate as regards natural focal infections of bacterial and viral etiology. Displayed is the data on the performed laboratory diagnostics of these infections in the territory of Siberia and Far East in 2012 and forecast of the epidemiological situation development in 2013. Analysis is carried out based on the data received by the Reference Center for surveillance over natural focal infections at the Irkutsk Research Anti-Plague Institute, from Rospotrebnadzor Institutions of Siberian, Far-Eastern and Ural Federal districts, as well as reviews and prognoses on the current state of natural foci of infections available from Altay, Tuva, Chita, Khabarovsk and Primorsk plague control stations

Tick-Borne Infections Incidence among the Population of Siberian and Far East Federal Districts in 2009 and 2010 and Prognosis for 2011

Presented are the data on tick-borne infections (tick-borne encephalitis, tick-borne borrelioses and rickettsioses) incidence among the population of the constituent entities of Siberian and Far East Federal Districts in 2009 and 2010. Given is the prognosis on tick-borne encephalitis and tick-borne borrelioses incidence among the population of the Districts for 2011. Generalized information on the amount of preventive measures is presented and the ways of their improvement are discussed