1,840 research outputs found
One class of linear Fredholm integral equations with functionals and parameters
The theory of linear Fredholm integral-functional equations of the second
kind with linear functionals and with a parameter is considered. The necessary
and sufficient conditions are obtained for the coefficients of the equation and
those parameter values, in the nighbohood of which the equation has solutions.
The leading terms of the asymptotics of the solutions are constructed. The
constructive method is proposed for constructing a solution both in the regular
case and in the irregular one. In the regular case, the solution is constructed
as a Taylor series in powers of the parameter. In the irregular case, the
solution is constructed as a Laurent series in powers of the parameter.
Constructive theory and method is demonstrated on the model example
Higher twists in polarized DIS and the size of the constituent quark
The spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry implies the presence of a
short-distance scale in the QCD vacuum, which phenomenologically may be
associated with the "size" of the constituent quark, rho ~ 0.3 fm. We discuss
the role of this scale in the matrix elements of the twist-4 and 3 quark-gluon
operators determining the leading power (1/Q^2-) corrections to the moments of
the nucleon spin structure functions. We argue that the flavor-nonsinglet
twist-4 matrix element, f_2^{u - d}, has a sizable negative value of the order
rho^{-2}, due to the presence of sea quarks with virtualities ~ rho^{-2} in the
proton wave function. The twist-3 matrix element, d_2, is not related to the
scale rho^{-2}. Our arguments support the results of previous calculations of
the matrix elements in the instanton vacuum model. We show that this
qualitative picture is in agreement with the phenomenological higher-twist
correction extracted from an NLO QCD fit to the world data on g_1^p and g_1^n,
which include recent data from the Jefferson Lab Hall A and COMPASS
experiments. We comment on the implications of the short-distance scale rho for
quark-hadron duality and the x-dependence of higher-twist contributions.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure
Asymmetric double-well potential for single atom interferometry
We consider the evolution of a single-atom wavefunction in a time-dependent
double-well interferometer in the presence of a spatially asymmetric potential.
We examine a case where a single trapping potential is split into an asymmetric
double well and then recombined again. The interferometer involves a
measurement of the first excited state population as a sensitive measure of the
asymmetric potential. Based on a two-mode approximation a Bloch vector model
provides a simple and satisfactory description of the dynamical evolution. We
discuss the roles of adiabaticity and asymmetry in the double-well
interferometer. The Bloch model allows us to account for the effects of
asymmetry on the excited state population throughout the interferometric
process and to choose the appropriate splitting, holding and recombination
periods in order to maximize the output signal. We also compare the outcomes of
the Bloch vector model with the results of numerical simulations of the
multi-state time-dependent Schroedinger equation.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure
Superconducting and Normal State Properties of Heavily Hole-Doped Diamond
We report measurements of the specific heat, Hall effect, upper critical
field and resistivity on bulk, B-doped diamond prepared by reacting amorphous B
and graphite under high-pressure/high-temperature conditions. These experiments
establish unambiguous evidence for bulk superconductivity and provide a
consistent set of materials parameters that favor a conventional, weak coupling
electron-phonon interpretation of the superconducting mechanism at high hole
doping.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure
Two-way time transfer experiments via meteor burst communication
A special meteor burst equipment for the precise two-way time transfer has been developed in Kazan State University, Kazan, Russia, making time transfer with an accuracy better than 1 ns for a distance of up to 200-KM possible. A series of time transfer experiments have been performed using several meteor links to test the equipment and estimate the time transfer performances. The random error of time transfer results in these experiments was about 0.3-0.5 ns
Field-induced quantum critical route to a Fermi liquid in high-temperature superconductors
In high transition temperature (T_c) superconductivity, charge doping is a
natural tuning parameter that takes copper oxides from the antiferromagnet to
the superconducting region. In the metallic state above T_c the standard
Landau's Fermi-liquid theory of metals as typified by the temperature squared
(T^2) dependence of resistivity appears to break down. Whether the origin of
the non-Fermi-liquid behavior is related to physics specific to the cuprates is
a fundamental question still under debate. We uncover a new transformation from
the non-Fermi- to a standard Fermi-liquid state driven not by doping but by
magnetic field in the overdoped high-T_c superconductor Tl_2Ba_2CuO_{6+x}. From
the c-axis resistivity measured up to 45 T, we show that the Fermi-liquid
features appear above a sufficiently high field which decreases linearly with
temperature and lands at a quantum critical point near the superconductivity's
upper critical field -- with the Fermi-liquid coefficient of the T^2 dependence
showing a power-law diverging behavior on the approach to the critical point.
This field-induced quantum criticality bears a striking resemblance to that in
quasi-two dimensional heavy-Fermion superconductors, suggesting a common
underlying spin-related physics in these superconductors with strong electron
correlations.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
High pressure investigation of the heavy-fermion antiferromagnet U_3Ni_5Al_19
Measurements of magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, and electrical
resistivity at applied pressures up to 55 kbar have been carried out on single
crystals of the heavy-fermion antiferromagnet U_3Ni_5Al_19, which crystallizes
in the Gd_3Ni_5Al_19 orthorhombic structure with two inequivalent U sites. At
ambient pressure, a logarithmic T-dependence of the specific heat and T-linear
electrical resistivity below 5 K indicates non-Fermi liquid (NFL) behavior in
the presence of bulk antiferromagnetic order at T_N=23 K. Electrical
resistivity measurements reveal a crossover from non-Fermi liquid to Fermi
liquid behavior at intermediate pressures between 46 kbar and 51 kbar, followed
by a return to NFL T^{3/2} behavior at higher pressures. These results provide
evidence for an ambient pressure quantum critical point and an additional
antiferromagnetic instability at P_c=60 kbar.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figure
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