Schooling, cognitive ability, and health

A large literature documents a strong correlation between health and educational outcomes. In this paper we investigate the role of cognitive ability in the health–education nexus. Using NLSY data, we show that cognitive ability accounts for roughly one quarter of the association between schooling and health. Both schooling and ability are strongly associated with health at low levels but less related or unrelated at high levels. Estimates treating schooling as endogenous to health suggest that most of the correlation between schooling and health is attributable to unobserved heterogeneity, except possibly at low levels of schooling for individuals with low cognitive ability. An implication is that policies which increase schooling will only increase health to the extent that they increase the education of poorly-educated individuals; subsidies to college education, for example, are unlikely to increase population health.education, health, intelligence, correlated random coefficient

Schooling, cognitive ability, and health

A large literature documents a strong correlation between health and educational outcomes. In this paper we investigate the role of cognitive ability in the health–education nexus. Using NLSY data, we show that cognitive ability accounts for roughly one quarter of the association between schooling and health. Both schooling and ability are strongly associated with health at low levels but less related or unrelated at high levels. Estimates treating schooling as endogenous to health suggest that most of the correlation between schooling and health is attributable to unobserved heterogeneity, except possibly at low levels of schooling for individuals with low cognitive ability. An implication is that policies which increase schooling will only increase health to the extent that they increase the education of poorly-educated individuals; subsidies to college education, for example, are unlikely to increase population health.education, health, intelligence, correlated random coefficient models

Minimizing the cost of fault location when testing from a finite state machine

If a test does not produce the expected output, the incorrect output may have been caused by an earlier state transfer failure. Ghedamsi and coworkers generate a set of candidates and then produce further tests to locate the failures within this set. We consider a special case where there is a state identification process that is known to be correct. A number of preset and adaptive approaches to fault location are described and the problem of minimizing the cost is explored. Some of the approaches lead to NP-hard optimization problems for which possible heuristics are suggested

Enhancing Physical Layer Security in AF Relay Assisted Multi-Carrier Wireless Transmission

In this paper, we study the physical layer security (PLS) problem in the dual hop orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based wireless communication system. First, we consider a single user single relay system and study a joint power optimization problem at the source and relay subject to individual power constraint at the two nodes. The aim is to maximize the end to end secrecy rate with optimal power allocation over different sub-carriers. Later, we consider a more general multi-user multi-relay scenario. Under high SNR approximation for end to end secrecy rate, an optimization problem is formulated to jointly optimize power allocation at the BS, the relay selection, sub-carrier assignment to users and the power loading at each of the relaying node. The target is to maximize the overall security of the system subject to independent power budget limits at each transmitting node and the OFDMA based exclusive sub-carrier allocation constraints. A joint optimization solution is obtained through duality theory. Dual decomposition allows to exploit convex optimization techniques to find the power loading at the source and relay nodes. Further, an optimization for power loading at relaying nodes along with relay selection and sub carrier assignment for the fixed power allocation at the BS is also studied. Lastly, a sub-optimal scheme that explores joint power allocation at all transmitting nodes for the fixed subcarrier allocation and relay assignment is investigated. Finally, simulation results are presented to validate the performance of the proposed schemes.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, accepted in Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies (ETT), formerly known as European Transactions on Telecommunications (ETT

Memory fMRI predicts verbal memory decline after anterior temporal lobe resection.

To develop a clinically applicable memory functional MRI (fMRI) method of predicting postsurgical memory outcome in individual patients

Donor notification in reactive donors and their response to communication

Background: Blood transfusion is associated with the risk of transmitting transfusion transmissible infections (TTI) even after the thorough mandatory TTI screening of blood units. To prevent disease transmission, it is important to inform, notify and counsel the donors about their seroreactive status at the blood centre. The present study determines the response of various TTI reactive donors for post donation counselling after notification and their persistence in society as reactive donors.Methods: It was a retrospective study conducted at tertiary care center from 1May2015 to 30April2017. Re-active donors were called to the blood bank by telephonic call and letters. Reactive donors on complying at center were retested, counselled and referred to appropriate centre for further management.Results: There were 34,204 blood donations over period of two years, out of which 375[1.09%] were reactive donors. Of these HBV reactive comprises of 166/34204(0.48%), HCV were 40/34204(0.11%), HIV reactive donors comprises of 26/34204(0.07%), Syphilis 138/34204[0.40%] and there were five cases of co-infection, two for HIV+ HCV, two cases HIV+HBV and one case of co-infection with HBV+ Syphilis. A total of 375 TTI reactive donors were identified, out of which (227/375) 60.5% contacted by tele-phone calls and letters and remaining (148/375) 39.46% cannot be contacted. Out of 227 contacted donors only 117 donors reported for post donation counselling i.e. response rate of 51.54%.Conclusions: Donor notification is efficient method of curtailing TTI but undermined by communication failure with donors, resulting in persistent load of blood transmissible infectious risk

A PACS alternative for transmitting DICOM images in a high latency environment

Picture Archiving and Communication System(PACS) is responsible for storing Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM) images fromradiology modalities into its database, images takes a lot of time to transfer to remote location through WAN due to large file size and slow transfer protocol. A PACS alternative system has been developed which performs basic functions of a generic PACS. Images directly from modalities are large in size by default transfer syntax of these images is Endian Explicit syntax. Changing this transfer syntax to lossless JPEG 2000 decreases the file size and because of lossless compression quality of image is still same as original image. These compressed images are then copied into Network Attached Storage working as PACS alternative. A series of test conducted in lab with multiple transfer protocol on Network Attached Storage (NAS) to find out which transfer protocol is faster under moderate speed and high latency network

Effect of Seed Disinfectants on in vitro Seed Germination and Seedling Development in Eggplant

The present investigation reports effects of disinfectants on culture contamination, seed germination and seedling growth in eggplant. Mercuric chloride hampers seed germination when seeds are treated with 0.1% solution above 2 min duration and lesser durations are not helpful in controlling in vitro contamination. The highest seed germination (89.97%) was recorded with 50% commercial bleach for 20 min in the genotype BL-3, followed by BR-16 (88.53%), BR-14 (86.19%), BL-5 (86.16%) and BSR-23 (85.57%). However, least number of seeds germinated in BR-18 (10.94%), BSR-25 (13.27%) and BL-7 (18.62%) when disinfected with 75% commercial bleach for 25min. Overall results revealed that 50% commercial bleach concentration (73.76%) was better than 75% (36.85%), and 20 min duration (60.82%) was better than 25 min (49.80%) for seed disinfection. Among the varieties, BL-3 was at the top (68.85%) and BR-18 at the lowest (34.16%) edge for per cent seed germination. Seedling growth (cm) with use of commercial bleach was quite satisfactory compared to disinfection with HgCl2, where, 50% commercial bleach favored a good stand of plant lets even after 10 days, showing a healthy root (3cm), hypocotyl (5cm) and cotyledons (1.5cm)