GENDER FEATURES OF THE COGNITIVE RESERVE

Background: The high risk of cognitive impairment in people of older age groups determines the relevance of the study of factors contributing to the preservation of cognitive potential at a young age, which is necessary to develop a cognitive reserve model aimed at preventi for the formation of a cognitive reserve. Materials and methods: The research material was scientific publications on the topic of work. The general scientific method was applied: analysis of modern scientific literature on the research problem, generalization, comparison, systematization of cognitive functions in the late period of life. The research material was scientific publications on the topic of the work. The General scientific method is applied: analysis of modern scientific literature on the problem of research, generalization, comparison, systematization of theoretical data in relation to factors that contribute to the preservation of normative parameters of cognitive functions in the later period of life. Results: The s of the cognitive reserve at a late age. Scientific novelty: for the first time, a systematic review of scientific literary sources was conducted, devoted to the analysis of the contribution tive reserve. the concept of cognitive reserve is usually used in relation to old age, but there is no doubt that it is the total result of various activities that a person has performed throughout life. Factors that determine the cognitive reserve, acquired factors that are implemented during the life of the individual and biological factors, one of which is the "gender" factor. The "gender" factor has a certain effect on the risk of developing late dementia. The proven Polo-specific differences in the structure of the brain, the dynamics of cognitive functions, which are implemented differently in men and women in ontogenesis, suggest the need for different approaches to the formation and maintenance of the cognitive reserve in men and women

GENDER FEATURES OF THE COGNITIVE RESERVE

Background: The high risk of cognitive impairment in people of older age groups determines the relevance of the study of factors contributing to the preservation of cognitive potential at a young age, which is necessary to develop a cognitive reserve model aimed at preventi for the formation of a cognitive reserve. Materials and methods: The research material was scientific publications on the topic of work. The general scientific method was applied: analysis of modern scientific literature on the research problem, generalization, comparison, systematization of cognitive functions in the late period of life. The research material was scientific publications on the topic of the work. The General scientific method is applied: analysis of modern scientific literature on the problem of research, generalization, comparison, systematization of theoretical data in relation to factors that contribute to the preservation of normative parameters of cognitive functions in the later period of life. Results: The s of the cognitive reserve at a late age. Scientific novelty: for the first time, a systematic review of scientific literary sources was conducted, devoted to the analysis of the contribution tive reserve. the concept of cognitive reserve is usually used in relation to old age, but there is no doubt that it is the total result of various activities that a person has performed throughout life. Factors that determine the cognitive reserve, acquired factors that are implemented during the life of the individual and biological factors, one of which is the "gender" factor. The "gender" factor has a certain effect on the risk of developing late dementia. The proven Polo-specific differences in the structure of the brain, the dynamics of cognitive functions, which are implemented differently in men and women in ontogenesis, suggest the need for different approaches to the formation and maintenance of the cognitive reserve in men and women

GENDER FEATURES OF THE COGNITIVE RESERVE

Background: The high risk of cognitive impairment in people of older age groups determines the relevance of the study of factors contributing to the preservation of cognitive potential at a young age, which is necessary to develop a cognitive reserve model aimed at preventi for the formation of a cognitive reserve. Materials and methods: The research material was scientific publications on the topic of work. The general scientific method was applied: analysis of modern scientific literature on the research problem, generalization, comparison, systematization of cognitive functions in the late period of life. The research material was scientific publications on the topic of the work. The General scientific method is applied: analysis of modern scientific literature on the problem of research, generalization, comparison, systematization of theoretical data in relation to factors that contribute to the preservation of normative parameters of cognitive functions in the later period of life. Results: The s of the cognitive reserve at a late age. Scientific novelty: for the first time, a systematic review of scientific literary sources was conducted, devoted to the analysis of the contribution tive reserve. the concept of cognitive reserve is usually used in relation to old age, but there is no doubt that it is the total result of various activities that a person has performed throughout life. Factors that determine the cognitive reserve, acquired factors that are implemented during the life of the individual and biological factors, one of which is the "gender" factor. The "gender" factor has a certain effect on the risk of developing late dementia. The proven Polo-specific differences in the structure of the brain, the dynamics of cognitive functions, which are implemented differently in men and women in ontogenesis, suggest the need for different approaches to the formation and maintenance of the cognitive reserve in men and women

The mechanisms of the protective effect of education in cognitive aging

Frequent cases of pathological brain aging are an important scientific and social problem. Some people have the ability to compensate for the initial manifestations of pathological aging and delay the development of the clinical phenomena of the disease. The concept of “cognitive reserve” allows us to study the possibilities of increasing brain stability in conditions of pathological aging. The identification of the dominant form of thinking, converging or diverging, reveals possible neurophysiological mechanisms of the cognitive reserve. Understanding the mechanisms of formation of individual cognitive styles actualizes the contribution of the “Education” factor to the development of the cognitive reserve. The research material was scientific publications on the topic of work. It was revealed that the “education” factor can realize its protective effect on the pathological aging of the brain due to the formation of an adaptive form of thinking. The data presented in this review make it possible to substantiate the medical and social significance of educational programs for people of mature and older age

Subjective cognitive decline and cerebral-cognitive reserve in late age

Determining the boundaries of the norm and pathology of mental aging is an urgent scientific task. We have formulated a hypothesis about the presence of a transitional period within the cognitive continuum, which represents a borderline between normality and cognitive disorder; such a transitional state is subjective cognitive decline. The outcome of this period depends on the interaction between disease factors and protective factors, one of which is cognitive reserve. The purpose: of this review is to systematize the current data in the field of research on subjective cognitive decline and protective factors that prevent its transformation into cognitive disorder. Materials and methods of research: A systematic review of scientific studies was conducted. The search was conducted using PubMed using the keywords: “subjective cognitive decline”, “subjective cognitive impairment”, “cerebral reserve”, “cognitive reserve”, “Alzheimer's disease”. The review includes an analysis of 126 full-text literature sources. The significance of cerebral-cognitive reserve at various stages of AD and the diagnostic boundaries of the concepts “Preclinical conditions of AD” and “Subjective cognitive decline” are analyzed. Conclusions: The analysis of scientific literature has shown the absence of clear terminological and diagnostic boundaries regarding the definition of the preclinical stage of the disease and compensatory mechanisms that deter the breakthrough of the disease into clinical level. At each stage of Alzheimer's disease there is an interaction between destructive and protective processes. The reserve plays a protective role; it delays the onset of clinical manifestations of Alzheimer's disease. The subjective cognitive decline is a transitional stage from a phenomenological cognitive norm to a clinically manifested pathology. As Alzheimer's disease progresses, there is a transition from the protective role of the reserve to its compensatory function. The defense mechanisms underlying the reserve concept are partially controllable, which makes it possible to build strategies for correcting cellular homeostasis, brain functions, behavioral and cognitive patterns

Age-specific changes in cognitive function

Currently, the number of cases of pathological aging of the central nervous system, represented by a violation of cognitive functions, is increasing. But there is a social request to prolong the physical and mental activity of older people. The study of the dynamics of cognitive aging is timely and relevant. The article contains a report on a cohore non-repeating study of higher brain functions at various age periods. 148 people involved. Their age is 27 -74 years. They are right handed. We applied the screening neuropsychological method. Statistical data processing was performed using SPSS Statistics 17.0 (Mann-Whitney U-test). The dynamic heterogeneity of the cognitive profile during aging was revealed. The deterioration in the performance of the graphomotor test was the most age-specific. In older study participants, a decrease in the visual gnosis test correlated with a decrease in non-verbal intelligence. The decrease in executive functions correlated with the growth of neurodynamic disorders in elderly study participants. The results obtained are useful for differentiating normative and pathological aging of the central nervous system