Matter’s Influence Child’s On the Speech Development in Kenya

Mothers have key roles in their children’s speech development.Sibling a child true love is an essential step in speech development. Simply talking to a child and getting a conversation going by means of emotional expression, gestures and sounds equally important while doing this, it is necessarily to follow the child’s lead signs, expressions, gestures, emotions, praising and appreciating what the child’s manages to do and helping him or her to focus on his or her attention, thus sharing the child’s experiences. Mothers therefore, play a big role in helping their children to learn rules, limits values and more importantly develop their speech in a natural manner

Effects of Traumatized Antenatal Mothers on Their Pre-School Children in Mt. Elgon Region, Kenya

Foetus developmental vulnerability in pre-school children of traumatized antenatal mothers in Cheptais and Mount Elgon Sub-Counties, Bungoma County, Kenya is a study meant to establish the effects of trauma of the mother on the unborn child who was born and now is in pre-school level of education. Through observation by the mother through neonate, infant and childhood stages of developmental milestones in relation to the same observation of non-traumatized mothers, children. Their conclusion is supported by the observation of the same children by their teachers in pre-schools. The sampling strategy involved non-probability where purposive and snow-ball observation, analysis and probability, sampling where multistage or cluster was the most appropriate for observation and units of analysis to make units of representative sample of Cheptais and Mount Elgon sub-counties. Majority of the children born to traumatized mothers had developmental problems associated with disabilities as opposed to those mothers who resisted trauma; hence associating trauma with developmental problems. Keywords: Trauma, Developmental Problems, Foetus, Pre-School Children, Mothers, special needs with disabilities

Impact of Principals’ Recognition on Retention of Secondary School Teachers’ in Homa Bay County of Kenya

The present study investigated the impact of principals’ recognition on retention of secondary school teachers’ in Homa Bay County of Kenya.The study adopted an ex-post facto research design.For a population of one thousand eight hundred and one (1801) teachers, according to the table, three hundred and twenty (320) teachers were recommended to be appropriate and for a population of 295 principals, one hundred and sixty-nine (169) were appropriate.The researcher interviewed eighteen (18) principals picked from the six sub-counties including the two purposefully picked national schools in Homa Bay County. This study used questionnaires and interview schedule as the instrument of data collection. The researcher developed questionnaires and interview schedule to collect the data. Two sets of questionnaires were used; one for the school principals and another for the teachers.To enhance validity of the instrument, a pilot study was conducted in twenty selected schools in the neighboring Migori County. This involved the ten principals and two teachers from each school.In this study, internal consistency reliability of the instruments was obtained by computing Cronbach’s alpha (α) using SPSS and a Cronbach’s alpha of α = .793 was reported. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in data analysis. The study reported that there was a significant plausible positive correlation between the two variables [r = .604, n = 422, p<.05], with more teacher recognition by the principal associated with high teacher retention rate. The study recommended that the School principals should avoid the use of autocratic style of leadership in the management of schools as it does not allow teachers to give off their best and discourages teachers from working with principals who displays this kind of leadership behavior

Relationship between Locus of Control Orientation and School Adjustment of Orphaned and Vulnerable Pupils in Kisumu Central Sub County, Kenya.

This study investigated the relationship between locus of control orientation and school adjustment of orphaned and vulnerable pupils (OVP) in primary schools in Kisumu Central Sub County, Kenya. It adopted a correlational research design. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were used to sample 284 participants which included 248 OVP and 36 class teachers. Data was collected using an adapted form of Nowicki-Strickland locus of control scale for children (N-SLOC) and a modified form of teacher rating scale of school adjustment (TRSSA). The instruments were piloted in two schools to determine their validity and reliability. Content validity was ascertained by incorporating results of the pilot study and views of experts in the Department of Educational Psychology of Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology. On the other hand, split-half technique corrected by Spearman-Brown formula was used to determine reliability of the data collection instruments. N-SLOC yielded a reliability coefficient of .793 while TRSSA, .995. Data was analysed using inferential statistics at .05 level of statistical significance and 95% confidence level. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 25 aided in the analysis. Results revealed a weak significant positive correlation between locus of control orientation and school adjustment, r = .183, df = 246, p &lt; .05. Recommendations were made that could help stakeholders respond to OVP in ways that increase their comfortability and ultimate adjustment in the school environment. Key words: Adjustment, locus of control orientation, orphan, school adjustment and vulnerable pupil. DOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-21-16 Publication date:July 31st 202

Detection of Main Physical Indicators of Mental Status of University Students’ at Onset of Unrest

This paper presents the detection tools of mental status of University students at the onset of unrest. Many factors which includes biological or environmental, influence variation in the mental status of an individual if they are exposed to them. Negative factors are the root cause of mental status at the onset of unrest and this can have specific manifestations. During social unrest, people’s entire way of life is torn apart. In such scenario, there will be clear and predictable observable manifestations which may exhibit themselves physically since the body language is the most reliable sign of internal state of affairs. Several research findings show that University students’ unrest is a common phenomenon all over the world and that most Universities are focused on the aftermath of students’ unrest. However, studies have not been done on detecting the onset of students’ unrest and then implementing appropriate preventive measures to forestall University students’ unrest. The objective of the study was to identify the main physical indicators of mental status of University students’ at onset of unrest. It was a survey research design which used mixed research method approaches. Data was collected using structured questionnaires. The research population included Security officers, secretaries, of selected public Universities in Kenya. Simple random sampling was used which gave a total sample size of 145 which was obtained from a target population of 177. The quantitative data collected was analyzed using SPSS programme into frequency counts, percentages, means and independent t-test analysis. From the findings, the main physical indicators of mental status of University students’ at onset of unrest were identified as: Yelling emotional expressions, violent tendencies, hostile attitude manifestations and anger gestures, in that order

Influence of School Environmental Characteristics on Retention of Secondary School Teachers in Homa Bay County, Kenya

The present study investigated the influence of school environmental characteristics on retention of secondary schoolteachers in Homa Bay County of Kenya.The study adopted an ex-post facto research design.For a population of one thousand eight hundred and one (1801) teachers, according to Krejcie and Morgan (1970) table of specification, three hundred and twenty (320) teachers were recommended to be appropriate and for a population of 295 principals, one hundred and sixty-nine (169) were appropriate.This study used questionnaires as the instrument of data collection. Two sets of questionnaires were used; one for the school principals and another for the teachers.To enhance validity of the instrument, a pilot study was conducted in twenty selected schools in the neighboring Migori County. This involved the ten principals and two teachers from each school.In this study, internal consistency reliability of the instruments was obtained by computing Cronbach’s alpha (α) using SPSS and a Cronbach’s Alpha of α= .705 was reported.Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in data analysis. The findings indicated that there was a significant fairly moderate, positive correlation between the two variables [r = .463, n=422, p<.05], with high levels of conducive school environment associated with high teacher retention rate.The study recommends that the Teachers Service Commission should develop a strict policy governing teachers transfers that incorporates a term limit of 5-6 year

Identification of Main Verbal Indicators of Mental Status of University Students’ at Onset of Unrest.

Many factors which includes biological or environmental, influence variation in the mental status of an individual if he/she is exposed to them. Negative factors are the root cause of mental status at the onset of unrest and this can have specific manifestations. During social unrest, people’s entire way of life is torn apart. These problems may exhibit themselves verbally since the body’s verbal dispensation is a reliable sign of internal state of affairs. Several research findings show that University students’ unrest is a common phenomenon all over the world and that most Universities are focused on the aftermath of students’ unrest. However, studies have not been done on identifying verbal indicators of mental status of University students’ at the onset of students’ unrest and then implementing appropriate preventive measures to forestall University students’ unrest. The objective of the study was to identify the main verbal indicators of mental status of University students’ at onset of unrest. It was a survey research design which used mixed research method approaches. Data was collected using structured questionnaires. The research population included Security officers, secretaries, of selected public Universities in Kenya. Simple random sampling was used which gave a total sample size of 145 which was obtained from a target population of 177. The quantitative data collected was analyzed using SPSS programme into frequency counts, percentages, means and independent ttest analysis. From the findings, the main verbal indicators of mental status of University students’ at the onset of unrest were identified as:the use of the word ‘comrade’ in speech being the most common, followed by a ‘threatful speech’, the use of the word ‘power’ in speech, increased talkativeness in speech, loud speech tone, very fast speechrate and hurtful speech, in that order

Effects of Traumatized Antenatal Mothers on Their Pre-School Children in Mt. Elgon Region, Kenya

Foetus developmental vulnerability in pre-school children of traumatized antenatal mothers in Cheptais and Mount Elgon Sub-Counties, Bungoma County, Kenya. Is a study meant to establish the effects of trauma of the mother on the unborn child who was born and now is in pre-school level of education. Through observation by the mother during neonate, infant and childhood stages of developmental milestones in relation to the same observation of non-traumatized mothers’ children. The conclusion is supported by the observation of the same children by their teachers in pre-schools. The sampling strategy involved non-probability where purposive and snow-ball observation, analysis and probability, sampling where multistage or cluster was the most appropriate for observation and units of analysis to make units of representative sample of Cheptais and Mount Elgon sub-counties. This study is designed to assist the community and the society in general to understand the need to avoid any stressful situation by expectant Mothers. It is also meant to enlighten the society on the importance of taking care of their expectant Mothers and to desist from encouraging stressful environment. The study enabled the researcher to understand why there were increased number disabled children in the region. Whose conditions were seriously interfering with their academic work? Majority of the children born to traumatized mothers had developmental problems associated with disabilities as opposed to those mothers who resisted trauma; hence associating trauma with developmental problems of the children who were foetus at the of traumatizing episodes

Developmental Vulnerability of Children Born to Traumatized Mothers in Mount Elgon Region, Bungoma County, Kenya

Psychological trauma is the minds reaction to an event and does not manifest in everyone in the same way,it affects people in different ways; for some the symptoms may take weeks, months and for others several years to surface. Regardless of the sources, an emotional trauma contains three very common elements namely; it was unexpected, the person was unprepared, and there was nothing the victim could do to prevent it from happening. The Mount Elgon Region expectant mothers found themselves in the generic as the result of the atrocities of Sabaot Land Defence Force Group.The fundamental goal of parenting right from conception, zygote and embryo is to help the feotus, neonate, infant and later the child to grow and thrive to the best of its potential. Parents anticipate protecting their children from danger whenever possible, but sometimes serious danger threatens the parents themselves leaving the children more vulnerable traumatic effects. The expectantmothers during the Sabaot Land Defence Force violent conflict exposed their foetus to devastating developmental risks which were visible through behavioral disorders and various types of disabilities as revealed by the study. Worse still, approaches to conflict management in Mount Elgon region relied on relief response by humanitarian agencies with a hope that affected families will attain recovery in due course. However, it is apparent that any assistance must go hand in hand with social economic development where social structures with specific indicators in normative cultural transformation are used in the transition to reduce conditions for which conflicts have arisen. This paper, therefore, exploreswhat trauma of the mother can do to unborn child’s developmental milestones and suggests approaches for change that can minimize the traumatizing agents to expectant mothers. KeyWords:- Traumatized Expectant Mothers, Pre-School Learners,Foetus, Developmental Vulnerability