Human capital – the basis for enterprise development

У статті проаналізовано запропоновану НБУ концепцію нової моделі валютного регулювання, яка не передбачає диференціацію моделей регулювання залежно від поточного стану фінансової системи країни. Автором запропоновано підхід до валютного регулювання, який передбачає наявність трьох сценаріїв реалізації, які включають антикризове, посткризове та регулювання валютного ринку за умов поступального розвитку. На основі аналізу тенденції розвитку валютного ринку України протягом останніх років, яка має характерні повторювані кризові прояви, запропоновано власну концепцію антикризового регулювання.The article analyses the concept proposed by the NBU for a new model of currency regulation, which does not involve differentiation of regulatory models depending on the current state of the financial system of the country. The author proposes an approach to currency regulation, which involves the existence of three scenarios of implementation, which include anti-crisis, post-crisis, and currency market regulation in the context of steady development. Based on the analysis of development tendencies of the foreign exchange market in Ukraine in recent years, which has characteristic recurrent crisis manifestations, the author proposed his own concept of anti-crisis regulation

Zur einheitlichen Bemessung gegen Durchstanzen in Flachdecken und Fundamenten

The punching of reinforced concrete slabs is a three-dimensional failure mechanism which is influenced by several material and geometrical parameters whose values scatter over a range. The known engineering and design models comprise a variety of these parameters, which in some cases can predict experimental failure loads with a high degree of accuracy. Since these models were mainly derived from experiments on symmetrically loaded flat slabs, their results have limited prediction accuracy outside of the field investigated. Therefore, in normative design approaches additional rules or restrictions are often required to achieve the required safety level in the entire field of application of construction practice. For the second generation of Eurocode 2, the punching shear design should be specifically revised with the aim to simplify the design approach and to better structure it. Within the framework of the present thesis, this is taken as an opportunity to compare and contrast the main structural design models and to critically evaluate current research findings on the effects of prestressing, ducts in slabs, optimised punching shear reinforcement systems, steel fibres and retrofitting measures. Based on own punching shear tests on individual footings and extensive literature research, data sets were compiled, with which the known design models were compared and an own practice-oriented design approach was derived. Using targeted comparisons of structural models and standards as well as the evaluation of punching shear experiments, an integrated design approach that correctly determines the punching shear resistance of both flat slabs and foundations, with and without punching shear reinforcement, was derived. Comparison with experiments shows that the main influencing factor largely registered no trend and with the new design model many additional provisions can be dispensed with. With the evaluation of tests on edge columns, it was demonstrated that even with non-uniform shear stresses around the column, the model reached very good agreement between experimental and calculated failure loads. Furthermore, through the addition of a modified load increase factor, safer and more economical results can be obtained compared to other design codes. The extension of the proposed model to applications such as prestressing, ducts in slabs, optimised punching shear reinforcement systems and steel fibres increases considerably the range of applications, without increasing the computational work in a significant manner. By presenting the model in an English text proposal conforming to standards for the second generation of Eurocode 2, the design approach will be structured in such a way that it can be introduced as a German contribution to the European Committee for Standardization