The Role of Carbonaceous Material in the Formation of Macraes Orogenic Gold Deposit, New Zealand

The PhD project investigated the role of carbonaceous material in the formation of Macraes orogenic gold deposits. It provided the first evidence that in-situ carbonaceous material directly contributes to Au incorporation into polyframboids which may provide the source of Au for the Macraes gold deposit; that carbonaceous material in mineralized rocks of gold deposit is most likely hydrothermally deposited and contributes to Au precipitation indirectly; and that dodecanethiol may transport Au in hydrothermal systems

Coupled topological flat and wide bands: Quasiparticle formation and destruction

Flat bands amplify correlation effects and are of extensive current interest. They provide a platform to explore both topology in correlated settings and correlation physics enriched by topology. Recent experiments in correlated kagome metals have found evidence for strange-metal behavior. A major theoretical challenge is to study the effect of local Coulomb repulsion when the band topology obstructs a real-space description. In a variant to the kagome lattice, we identify an orbital-selective Mott transition for the first time in any system of coupled topological flat and wide bands. This was made possible by the construction of exponentially localized and Kramers-doublet Wannier functions, which in turn leads to an effective Kondo lattice description. Our findings show how quasiparticles are formed in such coupled topological flat-wide band systems and, equally important, how they are destroyed. Our work provides a conceptual framework for the understanding of the existing and emerging strange-metal properties in kagome metals and beyond.Comment: 30 pages, 6 figures. To appear in Science Advance

Decomposing inequality in long-term care need among older adults with chronic diseases in China : a life course perspective

Abstract:Background: Chinahasthelargestnumberofagingpeopleinneedoflong-termcare,among whom 70% have chronic diseases. For policy planners, it is necessary to understand the different levels of needs of long-term care and provide long-term care insurance to ensure the long-term care needs of all people can be met. Methods: This study combines the 2013 wave of CHARLS survey and the Life Course Survey of 2014. The combination allows us to factor in both childhood and adulthood data to provide life-course analysis. We identified 7,734 older adults with chronic diseases foranalysis. Theneedforlong-termcareisdefinedbythepresenceoffunctionallimitationsbasedon the performance of basic activities of daily living (ADLs) and of instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). Two dummy variables, ADLs disability and IADLs disability, and two count variables, ADLs score and IADLs score, were defined to measure incidence and severity of long-term care need, respectively. The concentration index was used to capture the inequality in long-term care need, and a decomposition method based on Probit Regression and Negative Binomial Regression was exploited to identify the contribution of each determination. Results: At least a little difficulty was reported in ADLs and IADLs in 20.44% and 19.25% of respondents, respectively. The concentration index of ADLs disability, ADLs score, IADLs disability, IADLs score were−0.085,−0.109,−0.095 and−0.120, respectively, all of which were statistically significant, indicating the pro-poor inequality in the incidence and severity of long-term care need. Decomposition analyses revealed that family income,educationattainment,aging,andchildhoodexperienceplayedasignificantroleinexplaining the inequalities. Conclusions: The long-term care need among older adults with chronic disease is high in China and low socioeconomic groups had a higher probability of needing long-term care or need more long-term care. It is urgent to implement long-term care insurance, especially for the individuals from lower socioeconomic groups