942 research outputs found
Study of the mixing in the decays
We studied the B meson decays in the pQCD
approach beyond the leading order. With the vertex corrections and the NLO
Wilson coefficients included, the branching ratios of the considered decays are
, and with the mixing angle
, which can agree well with the data or the present
experimental upper limit within errors. So we support the opinion that
is much more favored than . Furthermore,
we also give the predictions for the polarization fractions, direct CP
violations from the different polarization components, the relative phase
angles for the considered decays with the mixing angle
and , respectively. The direct CP violations of the two charged
decays are very small ,
because there is no weak phase until up to with the
Wolfenstein parameter . These results can be tested at the
running LHCb and forthcoming Super-B experiments.Comment: 14 pages,3 figures,to appear in EPJ
4,5-Diaza-9H-fluoren-9-imine
In the title compound, C11H7N3, the diazafluorene rings are almost coplanar with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.0160 Å. In the crystal structure, C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds link molecules into sheets parallel to the ab plane. Molecules are also stacked regularly along the c axis by a variety of π–π interactions with centroid–centroid distances in the range 3.527 (2)–3.908 (2) Å
N-(4,5-Diaza-9H-fluoren-9-ylidene)-4-methoxyaniline
In the title compound, C18H13N3O, the diazafluorene ring system is almost coplanar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0640 Å) and subtends an angle of 61.5 (4)° with the plane of the methoxy-substituted benzene ring. In the crystal structure, pairs of C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link molecules into centrosymmetric dimers parallel to the ab plane. Molecules are also stacked in an obverse fashion along the c axis by a variety of π–π interactions with centroid–centroid distances in the range 3.557 (2)–3.921 (2) Å
In-context Autoencoder for Context Compression in a Large Language Model
We propose the In-context Autoencoder (ICAE) for context compression in a
large language model (LLM). The ICAE has two modules: a learnable encoder
adapted with LoRA from an LLM for compressing a long context into a limited
number of memory slots, and a fixed decoder which is the target LLM that can
condition on the memory slots for various purposes. We first pretrain the ICAE
using both autoencoding and language modeling objectives on massive text data,
enabling it to generate memory slots that accurately and comprehensively
represent the original context. Then, we fine-tune the pretrained ICAE on a
small amount of instruct data to enhance its interaction with various prompts
for producing desirable responses. Our experimental results demonstrate that
the ICAE learned with our proposed pretraining and fine-tuning paradigm can
effectively produce memory slots with context compression, which can
be well conditioned on by the target LLM to respond to various prompts. The
promising results demonstrate significant implications of the ICAE for its
novel approach to the long context problem and its potential to reduce
computation and memory overheads for LLM inference in practice, suggesting
further research effort in context management for an LLM. Our code and data
will be released shortly.Comment: Work in progres
A UPLCâ MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of five flavonoids from Stellera chamaejasme L. in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study
Stellera chamaejasme L. has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of scabies, tinea, stubborn skin ulcers, chronic tracheitis, cancer and tuberculosis. A sensitive and selective ultraâ high liquid chromatographyâ tandem mass spectrometry (UPLCâ MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of five flavonoids (stelleranol, chamaechromone, neochamaejasmin A, chamaejasmine and isochamaejasmin) of S. chamaejasme L. in rat plasma. Chromatographic separation was accomplished on an Agilent Poroshell 120 ECâ C18 column (2.1 à 100â mm, 2.7â μm) with gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.4â mL/min and the total analysis time was 7â min. The analytes were detected using multiple reaction monitoring in positive ionization mode. The samples were prepared by liquidâ liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. The UPLCâ MS/MS method was validated for specificity, linearity, sensitivity, accuracy and precision, recovery, matrix effect and stability. The validated method exhibited good linearity (r â ¥ 0.9956), and the lower limits of quantification ranged from 0.51 to 0.64â ng/mL for five flavonoids. The intraâ and interâ day precision were both <10.2%, and the accuracy ranged from â 11.79 to 9.21%. This method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of five flavonoids in rats after oral administration of ethyl acetate extract of S. chamaejasme L.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/144258/1/bmc4189.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/144258/2/bmc4189_am.pd
An Evaluation on Large Language Model Outputs: Discourse and Memorization
We present an empirical evaluation of various outputs generated by nine of
the most widely-available large language models (LLMs). Our analysis is done
with off-the-shelf, readily-available tools. We find a correlation between
percentage of memorized text, percentage of unique text, and overall output
quality, when measured with respect to output pathologies such as
counterfactual and logically-flawed statements, and general failures like not
staying on topic. Overall, 80.0% of the outputs evaluated contained memorized
data, but outputs containing the most memorized content were also more likely
to be considered of high quality. We discuss and evaluate mitigation
strategies, showing that, in the models evaluated, the rate of memorized text
being output is reduced. We conclude with a discussion on potential
implications around what it means to learn, to memorize, and to evaluate
quality text.Comment: Preprint. Under revie
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