Study of the K1(1270)−K1(1400)K_1(1270)-K_1(1400) mixing in the decays B→J/ΨK1(1270),J/ΨK1(1400)B\to J/\Psi K_1(1270), J/\Psi K_1(1400)

We studied the B meson decays $B\to J/\Psi K_1(1270,1400)$ in the pQCD approach beyond the leading order. With the vertex corrections and the NLO Wilson coefficients included, the branching ratios of the considered decays are $Br(B^+\to J/\Psi K_1(1270)^+)=1.76^{+0.65}_{-0.69}\times10^{-3}, Br(B^+\to J/\Psi K_1(1400)^+)=7.03^{+2.70}_{-2.52}\times10^{-4}$, and $Br(B^0\to J/\Psi K_1(1270)^0)=(1.63^{+0.60}_{-0.64})\times10^{-3}$ with the mixing angle $\theta_{K_1}=33^\circ$, which can agree well with the data or the present experimental upper limit within errors. So we support the opinion that $\theta_{K_1}\sim33^\circ$ is much more favored than $58^{\circ}$. Furthermore, we also give the predictions for the polarization fractions, direct CP violations from the different polarization components, the relative phase angles for the considered decays with the mixing angle $\theta_{K_1}=33^\circ$ and $58^\circ$, respectively. The direct CP violations of the two charged decays $B^+\to J/\Psi K_1(1270,1400)^+$ are very small $(10^{-4}\sim10^{-5})$, because there is no weak phase until up to $\mathcal{O}(\lambda^4)$ with the Wolfenstein parameter $\lambda=0.22537$. These results can be tested at the running LHCb and forthcoming Super-B experiments.Comment: 14 pages,3 figures,to appear in EPJ

4,5-Diaza-9H-fluoren-9-imine

In the title compound, C11H7N3, the diaza­fluorene rings are almost coplanar with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.0160 Å. In the crystal structure, C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds link mol­ecules into sheets parallel to the ab plane. Mol­ecules are also stacked regularly along the c axis by a variety of π–π inter­actions with centroid–centroid distances in the range 3.527 (2)–3.908 (2) Å

N-(4,5-Diaza-9H-fluoren-9-yl­idene)-4-meth­oxy­aniline

In the title compound, C18H13N3O, the diaza­fluorene ring system is almost coplanar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0640 Å) and subtends an angle of 61.5 (4)° with the plane of the meth­oxy-substituted benzene ring. In the crystal structure, pairs of C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link mol­ecules into centrosymmetric dimers parallel to the ab plane. Mol­ecules are also stacked in an obverse fashion along the c axis by a variety of π–π inter­actions with centroid–centroid distances in the range 3.557 (2)–3.921 (2) Å

In-context Autoencoder for Context Compression in a Large Language Model

We propose the In-context Autoencoder (ICAE) for context compression in a large language model (LLM). The ICAE has two modules: a learnable encoder adapted with LoRA from an LLM for compressing a long context into a limited number of memory slots, and a fixed decoder which is the target LLM that can condition on the memory slots for various purposes. We first pretrain the ICAE using both autoencoding and language modeling objectives on massive text data, enabling it to generate memory slots that accurately and comprehensively represent the original context. Then, we fine-tune the pretrained ICAE on a small amount of instruct data to enhance its interaction with various prompts for producing desirable responses. Our experimental results demonstrate that the ICAE learned with our proposed pretraining and fine-tuning paradigm can effectively produce memory slots with $4\times$ context compression, which can be well conditioned on by the target LLM to respond to various prompts. The promising results demonstrate significant implications of the ICAE for its novel approach to the long context problem and its potential to reduce computation and memory overheads for LLM inference in practice, suggesting further research effort in context management for an LLM. Our code and data will be released shortly.Comment: Work in progres

A UPLCâ MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of five flavonoids from Stellera chamaejasme L. in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study

Stellera chamaejasme L. has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of scabies, tinea, stubborn skin ulcers, chronic tracheitis, cancer and tuberculosis. A sensitive and selective ultraâ high liquid chromatographyâ tandem mass spectrometry (UPLCâ MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of five flavonoids (stelleranol, chamaechromone, neochamaejasmin A, chamaejasmine and isochamaejasmin) of S. chamaejasme L. in rat plasma. Chromatographic separation was accomplished on an Agilent Poroshell 120 ECâ C18 column (2.1 à 100â mm, 2.7â μm) with gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.4â mL/min and the total analysis time was 7â min. The analytes were detected using multiple reaction monitoring in positive ionization mode. The samples were prepared by liquidâ liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. The UPLCâ MS/MS method was validated for specificity, linearity, sensitivity, accuracy and precision, recovery, matrix effect and stability. The validated method exhibited good linearity (r â ¥ 0.9956), and the lower limits of quantification ranged from 0.51 to 0.64â ng/mL for five flavonoids. The intraâ and interâ day precision were both <10.2%, and the accuracy ranged from â 11.79 to 9.21%. This method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of five flavonoids in rats after oral administration of ethyl acetate extract of S. chamaejasme L.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/144258/1/bmc4189.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/144258/2/bmc4189_am.pd

An Evaluation on Large Language Model Outputs: Discourse and Memorization

We present an empirical evaluation of various outputs generated by nine of the most widely-available large language models (LLMs). Our analysis is done with off-the-shelf, readily-available tools. We find a correlation between percentage of memorized text, percentage of unique text, and overall output quality, when measured with respect to output pathologies such as counterfactual and logically-flawed statements, and general failures like not staying on topic. Overall, 80.0% of the outputs evaluated contained memorized data, but outputs containing the most memorized content were also more likely to be considered of high quality. We discuss and evaluate mitigation strategies, showing that, in the models evaluated, the rate of memorized text being output is reduced. We conclude with a discussion on potential implications around what it means to learn, to memorize, and to evaluate quality text.Comment: Preprint. Under revie