28,300 research outputs found
Laser-induced spin protection and switching in a specially designed magnetic dot: A theoretical investigation
Most laser-induced femtosecond magnetism investigations are done in magnetic
thin films. Nanostructured magnetic dots, with their reduced dimensionality,
present new opportunities for spin manipulation. Here we predict that if a
magnetic dot has a dipole-forbidden transition between the lowest occupied
molecular orbital (LUMO) and the highest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO),
but a dipole-allowed transition between LUMO+1 and HOMO, electromagnetically
inducedtransparency can be used to prevent ultrafast laser-induced spin
momentum reduction, or spin protection. This is realized through a strong dump
pulse to funnel the population into LUMO+1. If the time delay between the pump
and dump pulses is longer than 60 fs, a population inversion starts and spin
switching is achieved. Thesepredictions are detectable experimentally.Comment: 6 pages, three figur
On the afterglow from the receding jet of gamma-ray burst
According to popular progenitor models of gamma-ray bursts, twin jets should
be launched by the central engine, with a forward jet moving toward the
observer and a receding jet (or the counter jet) moving backwardly. However, in
calculating the afterglows, usually only the emission from the forward jet is
considered. Here we present a detailed numerical study on the afterglow from
the receding jet. Our calculation is based on a generic dynamical description,
and includes some delicate ingredients such as the effect of the equal arrival
time surface. It is found that the emission from the receding jet is generally
rather weak. In radio bands, it usually peaks at a time of d,
with the peak flux nearly 4 orders of magnitude lower than the peak flux of the
forward jet. Also, it usually manifests as a short plateau in the total
afterglow light curve, but not as an obvious rebrightening as once expected. In
optical bands, the contribution from the receding jet is even weaker, with the
peak flux being orders of magnitude lower than the peak flux of the
forward jet. We thus argue that the emission from the receding jet is very
difficult to detect. However, in some special cases, i.e., when the
circum-burst medium density is very high, or if the parameters of the receding
jet is quite different from those of the forward jet, the emission from the
receding jet can be significantly enhanced and may still emerge as a marked
rebrightening. We suggest that the search for receding jet emission should
mostly concentrate on nearby gamma-ray bursts, and the observation campaign
should last for at least several hundred days for each event.Comment: A few citations added, together with a few minor revisions, main
conclusions unchanged, accepted for publication in A&A, 7 figures, 10 Page
Exact Moderate Deviation Asymptotics in Streaming Data Transmission
In this paper, a streaming transmission setup is considered where an encoder
observes a new message in the beginning of each block and a decoder
sequentially decodes each message after a delay of blocks. In this
streaming setup, the fundamental interplay between the coding rate, the error
probability, and the blocklength in the moderate deviations regime is studied.
For output symmetric channels, the moderate deviations constant is shown to
improve over the block coding or non-streaming setup by exactly a factor of
for a certain range of moderate deviations scalings. For the converse proof, a
more powerful decoder to which some extra information is fedforward is assumed.
The error probability is bounded first for an auxiliary channel and this result
is translated back to the original channel by using a newly developed
change-of-measure lemma, where the speed of decay of the remainder term in the
exponent is carefully characterized. For the achievability proof, a known
coding technique that involves a joint encoding and decoding of fresh and past
messages is applied with some manipulations in the error analysis.Comment: 23 pages, 1 figure, 1 table, Submitted to IEEE Transactions on
Information Theor
Sum-of-squares of polynomials approach to nonlinear stability of fluid flows: an example of application
With the goal of providing the first example of application of a recently proposed method, thus demonstrating its ability to give results in principle, global stability of a version of the rotating Couette flow is examined. The flow depends on the Reynolds number and a parameter characterising the magnitude of the Coriolis force. By converting the original Navier-Stokes equations to a finite-dimensional uncertain dynamical system using a partial Galerkin expansion, high-degree polynomial Lyapunov functionals were found by sum-of-squares-of-polynomials optimization. It is demonstrated that the proposed method allows obtaining the exact global stability limit for this flow in a range of values of the parameter characterising the Coriolis force. Outside this range a lower bound for the global stability limit was obtained, which is still better than the energy stability limit. In the course of the study several results meaningful in the context of the method used were also obtained. Overall, the results obtained demonstrate the applicability of the recently proposed approach to global stability of the fluid flows. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first case in which global stability of a fluid flow has been proved by a generic method for the value of a Reynolds number greater than that which could be achieved with the energy stability approach
Quantum Chemistry, Anomalous Dimensions, and the Breakdown of Fermi Liquid Theory in Strongly Correlated Systems
We formulate a local picture of strongly correlated systems as a Feynman sum
over atomic configurations. The hopping amplitudes between these atomic
configurations are identified as the renormalization group charges, which
describe the local physics at different energy scales. For a metallic system
away from half-filling, the fixed point local Hamiltonian is a generalized
Anderson impurity model in the mixed valence regime. There are three types of
fixed points: a coherent Fermi liquid (FL) and two classes of self-similar
(scale invariant) phases which we denote incoherent metallic states (IMS). When
the transitions between the atomic configurations proceed coherently at low
energies, the system is a Fermi liquid. Incoherent transitions between the low
energy atomic configurations characterize the incoherent metallic states. The
initial conditions for the renormalization group flow are determined by the
physics at rather high energy scales. This is the domain of local quantum
chemistry. We use simple quantum chemistry estimates to specify the basin of
attraction of the IMS fixed points.Comment: 12 pages, REVTE
Magnetic spin moment reduction in photoexcited ferromagnets through exchange interaction quenching: Beyond the rigid band approximation
The exchange interaction among electrons is one of the most fundamental
quantum mechanical interactions in nature and underlies any magnetic phenomena
from ferromagnetic ordering to magnetic storage. The current technology is
built upon a thermal or magnetic field, but a frontier is emerging to directly
control magnetism using ultrashort laser pulses. However, little is known about
the fate of the exchange interaction. Here we report unambiguously that
photoexcitation is capable of quenching the exchange interaction in all three
ferromagnetic metals. The entire process starts with a small number of
photoexcited electrons which build up a new and self-destructive potential that
collapses the system into a new state with a reduced exchange splitting. The
spin moment reduction follows a Bloch-like law as , where is
the absorbed photon energy and is a scaling exponent. A good agreement
is found between the experimental and our theoretical results. Our findings may
have a broader implication for dynamic electron correlation effects in
laser-excited iron-based superconductors, iron borate, rare-earth
orthoferrites, hematites and rare-earth transition metal alloys.Comment: 16 pages, 3 figures, one supplementary material fil
- …