Obsessive compulsive disorder in an adult patient with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and expressed behavioral disorders (clinical case).

The article des­cribes the clinical case of obsessive-compulsive disorder in an adult patient with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and severe behavioral disorders. The authors demonstrated the comorbidity of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Obsessive thoughts and compulsive actions were diagnosed as the most frequent behavioral disorders in Tourette syndrome. It was indicated on gender as an additional sanctioning factor for the early onset of mental disorders. Obsessive-compulsive disorder in the patient was characterized by mixed obsessive thoughts and actions, had a protracted nature, with prolonged decompensations requiring treatment in a psychiatric hospital. Emotional instability, impulsivity, obsessions and compulsions affecting the social functioning of not only the patient himself, but also those around him, as well as pronounced behavioral disturbances led to social malajustment. When treating the patient, the doctors had to resort to a combination of typical neuroleptics with second-generation antipsychotics, mood stabilizers and antidepressants due to the poor response to pharmacotherapy. Comorbidity of mental disorders determined the complexity of therapeutic measures with the use of psychotherapeutic interventions, which made it possible to achieve an improvement in the mental state and avoid disability of the patient

Obsessive compulsive disorder in an adult patient with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and expressed behavioral disorders (clinical case)

The article describes the clinical case of obsessive-compulsive disorder in an adult patient with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and severe behavioral disorders. The authors demonstrated the comorbidity of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Obsessive thoughts and compulsive actions were diagnosed as the most frequent behavioral disorders in Tourette syndrome. It was indicated on gender as an additional sanctioning factor for the early onset of mental disorders. Obsessive-compulsive disorder in the patient was characterized by mixed obsessive thoughts and actions, had a protracted nature, with prolonged decompensations requiring treatment in a psychiatric hospital. Emotional instability, impulsivity, obsessions and compulsions affecting the social functioning of not only the patient himself, but also those around him, as well as pronounced behavioral disturbances led to social malajustment. When treating the patient, the doctors had to resort to a combination of typical neuroleptics with second-generation antipsychotics, mood stabilizers and antidepressants due to the poor response to pharmacotherapy. Comorbidity of mental disorders determined the complexity of therapeutic measures with the use of psychotherapeutic interventions, which made it possible to achieve an improvement in the mental state and avoid disability of the patient. У статті наведено опис клінічного випадку обсесивно-компульсивного розладу в дорослого пацієнта із синдромом Жиль де ла Туретта і вираженими поведінковими порушеннями. Авторами продемонстрована коморбідність синдрому Жиль де ла Туретта й обсесивно-компульсивного розладу. Діагностовано нав'язливі думки й компульсивні дії як найбільш часті поведінкові порушення при синдромі Туретта. Відзначено гендерну приналежність як додатковий санкціонуючий фактор раннього початку психічних порушень. Обсесивно-компульсивний розлад у пацієнта характеризувався змішаними обсесивними думками й діями, мав затяжний характер, з тривалими декомпенсаціями, що вимагали лікування в умовах психіатричного стаціонару. Емоційна нестійкість, імпульсивність, обсесії і компульсії, що торкнулися соціального функціонування не тільки самого пацієнта, але й оточуючих, а також виражені поведінкові порушення призвели до соціальної дезадаптації. При лікуванні пацієнта довелося вдатися до поєднання типових нейролептиків з антипсихотичними препаратами другого покоління, нормотиміками й антидепресантами через погану відповідь на медикаментозну терапію. Коморбідність психічних розладів визначила комплексність терапевтичних заходів з використанням психотерапевтичних втручань, яка дозволила досягти поліпшення психічного стану й уникнути інвалідизації хворого

'Kandinsky-fying’ the law: A translaborative use of abstract art in the law classroom

Sources of law are made up of terms that, amongst other things, mediate between facts and different results, and it is the role of lawyers to explain or justify why a particular interpretation or permutation of a given term should be taken in a given case. Such terms do not exist in isolation, but are hugely contextual and play an integral role in intermediating between different potential outcomes. Therefore, the skill of carefully applying and using legal terms is one of the primary focuses of legal education and calls for a consideration of the intricate role that legal terms play in legal argumentation. However, sometimes this endeavour in the law classroom is affected by the focus placed on the meaning of individual terms, as opposed to the broader role they have in legal reasoning and the analysis of legal outcomes. In considering this, this paper draws a contrast between the way in which students sometimes use different legal and moral terms in the various roles in their lives outside of the classrooms and within, and contends that one of the reasons for this is the greater liberty that they feel in using different terms outside of the classroom. This paper contends that, pedagogically, a similar level of independence can be achieved through the collaborative translation of legal concepts into abstract art, by enabling students to take greater co-ownership of legal language. Specifically, it argues that Wassily Kandinsky’s art theory, with its emphasis on the spirit and emotions, can provide an effective framework for this

ЩОДО ПРОБЛЕМИ ФОРМУВАННЯ КОМУНІКАТИВНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ ПРИ ОПАНУВАННІ ПСИХОЛОГІЧНИХ ЗНАНЬ СТУДЕНТАМИ-МЕДИКАМИ

The article deals with the possibility of forming of skills of communicative competence of medical students when using social-psychological training in the classroom as a part of the psychological circle. The necessity of improving of communicative competence of students of medical specialties is substantiated. We used art therapy techniques, role-playing games, reflexive techniques that enhance the experience of recognition units / feelings / patterns in relationships with people. Results of changes in communication of students that participate in an appropriate form of psychological work are summed.У статті розглядаються можливості формування навичок комунікативної компетентності студентів-медиків при використанні методу соціально-психологічного тренінгу в навчальному процесі в рамках психологічного гуртка. Обґрунтовано необхідність підвищення комунікативної компетентності у студентів медичних спеціальностей. Використовувалися методи арттерапії, рольових ігор, рефлексивних технік, що розширюють досвід розпізнавання установок/почуттів/патернів у відносинах з людьми. Підсумовані результати змін у спілкуванні студентів, які беруть участь у відповідній формі психологічної роботи.

Oxytocin Enhances Social Recognition by Modulating Cortical Control of Early Olfactory Processing

Oxytocin promotes social interactions and recognition of conspecifics that rely on olfaction in most species. The circuit mechanisms through which oxytocin modifies olfactory processing are incompletely understood. Here, we observed that optogenetically induced oxytocin release enhanced olfactory exploration and same-sex recognition of adult rats. Consistent with oxytocin’s function in the anterior olfactory cortex, particularly in social cue processing, region-selective receptor deletion impaired social recognition but left odor discrimination and recognition intact outside a social context. Oxytocin transiently increased the drive of the anterior olfactory cortex projecting to olfactory bulb interneurons. Cortical top-down recruitment of interneurons dynamically enhanced the inhibitory input to olfactory bulb projection neurons and increased the signal-to-noise of their output. In summary, oxytocin generates states for optimized information extraction in an early cortical top-down network that is required for social interactions with potential implications for sensory processing deficits in autism spectrum disorders

Cardiovascular Response to Beta-Adrenergic Blockade or Activation in 23 Inbred Mouse Strains

We report the characterisation of 27 cardiovascular-related traits in 23 inbred mouse strains. Mice were phenotyped either in response to chronic administration of a single dose of the β-adrenergic receptor blocker atenolol or under a low and a high dose of the β-agonist isoproterenol and compared to baseline condition. The robustness of our data is supported by high trait heritabilities (typically H2>0.7) and significant correlations of trait values measured in baseline condition with independent multistrain datasets of the Mouse Phenome Database. We then focused on the drug-, dose-, and strain-specific responses to β-stimulation and β-blockade of a selection of traits including heart rate, systolic blood pressure, cardiac weight indices, ECG parameters and body weight. Because of the wealth of data accumulated, we applied integrative analyses such as comprehensive bi-clustering to investigate the structure of the response across the different phenotypes, strains and experimental conditions. Information extracted from these analyses is discussed in terms of novelty and biological implications. For example, we observe that traits related to ventricular weight in most strains respond only to the high dose of isoproterenol, while heart rate and atrial weight are already affected by the low dose. Finally, we observe little concordance between strain similarity based on the phenotypes and genotypic relatedness computed from genomic SNP profiles. This indicates that cardiovascular phenotypes are unlikely to segregate according to global phylogeny, but rather be governed by smaller, local differences in the genetic architecture of the various strains

EAACI position paper on occupational rhinitis

The present document is the result of a consensus reached by a panel of experts from European and non-European countries on Occupational Rhinitis (OR), a disease of emerging relevance which has received little attention in comparison to occupational asthma. The document covers the main items of OR including epidemiology, diagnosis, management, socio-economic impact, preventive strategies and medicolegal issues. An operational definition and classification of OR tailored on that of occupational asthma, as well as a diagnostic algorithm based on steps allowing for different levels of diagnostic evidence are proposed. The needs for future research are pointed out. Key messages are issued for each item

Effect of Dexrazoxane and Amifostine on the Vertebral Bone Quality of Doxorubicin Treated Male Rats

Doxorubicin (DOX) is widely used in combination cocktails for treatment of childhood hematological cancers and solid tumors. A major factor limiting DOX usage is DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. However, it is not known whether protectants like dexrazoxane (DXR) and amifostine (AMF) can prevent DOX-mediated bone damage. The present study investigated whether administration of AMF alone or in combination with DXR would prevent any DOX-mediated bone damage. Male rat pups were treated with DOX, DXR, AMF, and their combinations. On neonate day 38, the bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC) and the micro-architecture of the lumbar vertebrae were analyzed. We have shown that when male rats are treated with DOX, DXR, DOX+DXR, AMF, DOX+AMF or DOX+DXR+AMF, there is a decrease in lumbar vertebral BMD (p<0.05). Furthermore, the relative bone volume (BV/TV) was decreased by DXR, DOX+DXR, and DOX+AMF treatments. Interestingly, DOX+AMF significantly increased BV/TV when compared to DXR treatment (p<0.04). The trabecular number (Tb.N) decreased with DXR and DOX+DXR and increased with DOX+AMF treatments. This information will be useful in designing better cancer combination therapies that do not lead to vertebrae deterioration

Scaling Effects and Spatio-Temporal Multilevel Dynamics in Epileptic Seizures

Epileptic seizures are one of the most well-known dysfunctions of the nervous system. During a seizure, a highly synchronized behavior of neural activity is observed that can cause symptoms ranging from mild sensual malfunctions to the complete loss of body control. In this paper, we aim to contribute towards a better understanding of the dynamical systems phenomena that cause seizures. Based on data analysis and modelling, seizure dynamics can be identified to possess multiple spatial scales and on each spatial scale also multiple time scales. At each scale, we reach several novel insights. On the smallest spatial scale we consider single model neurons and investigate early-warning signs of spiking. This introduces the theory of critical transitions to excitable systems. For clusters of neurons (or neuronal regions) we use patient data and find oscillatory behavior and new scaling laws near the seizure onset. These scalings lead to substantiate the conjecture obtained from mean-field models that a Hopf bifurcation could be involved near seizure onset. On the largest spatial scale we introduce a measure based on phase-locking intervals and wavelets into seizure modelling. It is used to resolve synchronization between different regions in the brain and identifies time-shifted scaling laws at different wavelet scales. We also compare our wavelet-based multiscale approach with maximum linear cross-correlation and mean-phase coherence measures