62 research outputs found
On variations of Yama Nim and Triangular Nim
Yama Nim is a two heaps Nim game introduced in the second author's Master
Thesis, where the player takes more than tokens from one heap, and return
token to the other heap. Triangular Nim is a generalization, where the
player takes several tokens from one heap, and return some tokens (at least one
token) to the other heap, so that the total number of the tokens in the heaps
decrease strictly. In this paper, we investigate their winning strategies,
Grundy numbers, and their variations and generalizations. Particularly
interesting is the Wythoff variations, where in addition to the Yama/Triangular
Nim moves, the player is allowed to take tokens from both heaps, say tokens
from the first heap and tokens from the other, under some restrictions for
and . For example when we force for the Triangular Nim, then the
pair of non-negative integers with less than or equal to is in
the -position if and only if , namely the winning strategy is described by
triangular numbers. In other rulesets, we also found examples where the square
numbers, pentagonal numbers, geometric progressions, and so on.Comment: 20 page
Enforce and selective operators of combinatorial games
We consider an {\em enforce operator} on impartial rulesets similar to the
Muller Twist and the comply/constrain operator of Smith and St\u anic\u a,
2002. Applied to the rulesets and , on each turn the opponent enforces
one of the rulesets and the current player complies, by playing a move in that
ruleset. If the outcome table of the enforce variation of and is the
same as the outcome table of , then we say that dominates . We find
necessary and sufficient conditions for this relation. Additionally, we define
a {\em selective operator} and explore a distributive-lattice-like structure
within applicable rulesets. Lastly, we define the nim-value of rulesets under
the enforce operator and establish well-known properties for impartial games.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figures, 1 tabl
Efficacy and safety of micafungin in empiric and D-index-guided early antifungal therapy for febrile neutropenia ; A subgroup analysis of the CEDMIC trial
Objectives: The D-index is defined as the area over the neutrophil curve during neutropenia. The CEDMIC trial confirmed the noninferiority of D-index-guided early antifungal therapy (DET) using micafungin to empirical antifungal therapy (EAT). In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of micafungin in these settings.
Methods: From the CEDMIC trial, we extracted 67 and 113 patients who received micafungin in the DET and EAT groups, respectively. Treatment success was defined as the fulfilment of all components of a five-part composite end point. Fever resolution was evaluated at seven days after the completion of therapy.
Results: The proportion of high-risk treatments including induction chemotherapy for acute leukemia and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was significantly higher in the DET group than in the EAT group (82.1% vs. 52.2%). The efficacy of micafungin was 68.7% (95%CI: 56.2–79.4) and 79.6% (71.0–86.6) in the DET and EAT groups, respectively. When we focused on high-risk treatments, the efficacy was 69.1% (55.2–80.9%) and 78.0% (65.3–87.7%), respectively (P = 0.30). There was no significant difference in any of the 5 components between the two groups.
Conclusions: The efficacy of micafungin in patients undergoing high-risk treatment was not strongly impaired in DET compared to that in EAT
Stabilization by Fusion to the C-terminus of Hyperthermophile Sulfolobus tokodaii RNase HI: A Possibility of Protein Stabilization Tag
RNase HI from the hyperthermophile Sulfolobus tokodaii (Sto-RNase HI) is stabilized by its C-terminal residues. In this work, the stabilization effect of the Sto-RNase HI C-terminal residues was investigated in detail by thermodynamic measurements of the stability of variants lacking the disulfide bond (C58/145A), or the six C-terminal residues (ΔC6) and by structural analysis of ΔC6. The results showed that the C-terminal does not affect overall structure and stabilization is caused by local interactions of the C-terminal, suggesting that the C-terminal residues could be used as a “stabilization tag.” The Sto-RNase HI C-terminal residues (-IGCIILT) were introduced as a tag on three proteins. Each chimeric protein was more stable than its wild-type protein. These results suggested the possibility of a simple stabilization technique using a stabilization tag such as Sto-RNase HI C-terminal residues
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A pristine record of outer Solar System materials from asteroid Ryugu’s returned sample
Volatile and organic-rich C-type asteroids may have been one of the main sources of Earth’s water. Our best insight into their chemistry is currently provided by carbonaceous chondritic meteorites, but the meteorite record is biased: only the strongest types survive atmospheric entry and are then modified by interaction with the terrestrial environment. Here we present the results of a detailed bulk and microanalytical study of pristine Ryugu particles, brought to Earth by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft. Ryugu particles display a close compositional match with the chemically unfractionated, but aqueously altered, CI (Ivuna-type) chondrites, which are widely used as a proxy for the bulk Solar System composition. The sample shows an intricate spatial relationship between aliphatic-rich organics and phyllosilicates and indicates maximum temperatures of ~30 °C during aqueous alteration. We find that heavy hydrogen and nitrogen abundances are consistent with an outer Solar System origin. Ryugu particles are the most uncontaminated and unfractionated extraterrestrial materials studied so far, and provide the best available match to the bulk Solar System composition
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