ЗБЕРЕЖЕННЯ СИМВОЛІЧНОСТІ НАЗВИ РОМАНУ І. БАГРЯНОГО «ТИГРОЛОВИ» У ІНШОМОВНИХ ПЕРЕКЛАДАХ Conservation symbolic name of the roman I. Bagriany «тигролови» in foreign language translations

Стаття розглядає особливості індивідуального стилю перекладача на прикладі перекладу роману І. Багряного «Тигролови». Дослідження присвячене аналізу способів збереження та особливостей передачі німецькою мовою символічної назви роману. Об’єктом дослідження статті є назва роману І. Багряного «Тигролови» та її переклади. (The article describes components of an individual style of translator on the base of novel «Tiger trappers» by I. Bahrianyi. The present paper is devoted to the analysis of the translation of symbolic title of the novel into German. Target of research of the paper is novel »Tiger trappers» by I. Bahrianyi and its translations.

Співвіднесення ідіостилю автора і стилю перекладача (на матеріалі перекладу роману Ю. Андруховича «Рекреації» німецькою мовою)

Стаття розглядає особливості індивідуального стилю перекладача на прикладі перекладу роману Ю. Андруховича «Рекреації». Дослідження присвячене аналізу мовної особистості перекладача стосовно автора. Ключові слова: ідіостиль, мовна особистість, переклад, проза, роман, стиль перекладача. (The article describes components of an individual style of translator on the base of novel «Recreations» by Yu. Andruchovych. The present paper is devoted to the analysis of the linguistic identity of the translator regarding to the interpreter.

Chaotic behaviors of a digital filter with two’s complement arithmetic and arbitrary initial conditions and order

This letter shows some counter-intuitive simulation results that the symbolic sequences and the state variables of a digital filter with two’s complement arithmetic and arbitrary initial conditions and order will be eventually zero when all the filter parameters are even numbers, no matter the system matrix of the filter is stable or not

A new method for constructing small-bias spaces from Hermitian codes

We propose a new method for constructing small-bias spaces through a combination of Hermitian codes. For a class of parameters our multisets are much faster to construct than what can be achieved by use of the traditional algebraic geometric code construction. So, if speed is important, our construction is competitive with all other known constructions in that region. And if speed is not a matter of interest the small-bias spaces of the present paper still perform better than the ones related to norm-trace codes reported in [12]

The impact of smoke exposure on the clinical phenotype of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency in Ireland: exploiting a national registry to understand a rare disease.

Individuals with Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) have mutations in the SERPINA1 gene causing genetic susceptibility to early onset lung and liver disease that may result in premature death. Environmental interactions have a significant impact in determining the disease phenotype and outcome in AATD. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of smoke exposure on the clinical phenotype of AATD in Ireland. Clinical demographics and available thoracic computerised tomography (CT) imaging were detected from 139 PiZZ individuals identified from the Irish National AATD Registry. Clinical information was collected by questionnaire. Data was analysed to assess AATD disease severity and evaluate predictors of clinical phenotype. Questionnaires were collected from 107/139 (77%) and thoracic CT evaluation was available in 72/107 (67.2%). 74% of respondents had severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) (GOLD stage C or D). Cigarette smoking was the greatest predictor of impairment in FEV1 and DLCO (%predicted) and the extent of emphysema correlated most significantly with DLCO. Interestingly the rate of FEV1 decline was similar in ex-smokers when compared to never-smokers. Passive smoke exposure in childhood resulted in a greater total pack-year smoking history. Radiological evidence of bronchiectasis was a common finding and associated with increasing age. The Irish National AATD Registry facilitates clinical and basic science research of this condition in Ireland. This study illustrates the detrimental effect of smoke exposure on the clinical phenotype of AATD in Ireland and the benefit of immediate smoking cessation at any stage of lung disease

A community study on burden and depressive symptoms among carers of demented relatives

Background: Most mild to moderate demented patients are cared at home. Studies have shown that carers face increased stress and are prone to depression. In order to understand their needs, a collaboration study between District Board, Community Rehabilitation Network and local hospitals was done. Objective: (1) To understand care needs of demented patients and their carers in the family. (2) To assess difficulties faced by carers and evaluate their stress. (3) To find out which factors may aggravate or relieve carer stress. Method: The study was performed by interviewing 100 carers by questionnaire. Three main themes were studied: (1) presence of depression by Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), (2) caregiver burden by Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), patients’ memory and behavioural problems by Revised Memory and Behaviour Problems Checklist (RMBPC), patient ADL performance, and (3) carer coping abilities by Brief COPE and perceived social support by Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Results: 49% of patients are in moderate to severe stage, with moderate to high ADL dependency level (mean ADL score: 62.4, with 40% of patients scoring 60 or below). On average carers spent 13.8 hours per day on their relative. 24% of carers have rated self-perceived health status as poor or very poor. 36% have little or no knowledge about the dementia illness. Regarding carer depression, 49% had CES-D score in the moderately and severely depressed range. Caregiver burden was high with ZBI score of 38.2 (>24 being highly associated with depression). Memory and behavioural symptoms were common with mean RMBPC 38.2. Carer coping abilities as measured by Brief COPE was 24.6. Perceived social support as measured by MSPSS was 56.2. Carer depression was found to be correlated with cognitive and behaviour problems as well as carer burden; whereas it was negatively correlated with social support. After multiple linear regression analysis, caregiver burden was the most significant factor contributing to caregiver depression (β=0.55, T=5.43, p<0.001). Conclusions: This cohort of carers, having spent long hours caring for their demented relatives had limited knowledge, poor perceived health and emotional problems. They had high burden and showed signs of depression. Caregiver depression was found to be associated with a higher level of burden.published_or_final_versio

Oscillatory surface rheotaxis of swimming E. coli bacteria

Bacterial contamination of biological conducts, catheters or water resources is a major threat to public health and can be amplified by the ability of bacteria to swim upstream. The mechanisms of this rheotaxis, the reorientation with respect to flow gradients, often in complex and confined environments, are still poorly understood. Here, we follow individual E. coli bacteria swimming at surfaces under shear flow with two complementary experimental assays, based on 3D Lagrangian tracking and fluorescent flagellar labelling and we develop a theoretical model for their rheotactic motion. Three transitions are identified with increasing shear rate: Above a first critical shear rate, bacteria shift to swimming upstream. After a second threshold, we report the discovery of an oscillatory rheotaxis. Beyond a third transition, we further observe coexistence of rheotaxis along the positive and negative vorticity directions. A full theoretical analysis explains these regimes and predicts the corresponding critical shear rates. The predicted transitions as well as the oscillation dynamics are in good agreement with experimental observations. Our results shed new light on bacterial transport and reveal new strategies for contamination prevention.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figure

BPIFB1 is a lung-specific autoantigen associated with interstitial lung disease.

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a complex and heterogeneous disorder that is often associated with autoimmune syndromes. Despite the connection between ILD and autoimmunity, it remains unclear whether ILD can develop from an autoimmune response that specifically targets the lung parenchyma. We examined a severe form of autoimmune disease, autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 (APS1), and established a strong link between an autoimmune response to the lung-specific protein BPIFB1 (bactericidal/permeability-increasing fold-containing B1) and clinical ILD. Screening of a large cohort of APS1 patients revealed autoantibodies to BPIFB1 in 9.6% of APS1 subjects overall and in 100% of APS1 subjects with ILD. Further investigation of ILD outside the APS1 disorder revealed BPIFB1 autoantibodies present in 14.6% of patients with connective tissue disease-associated ILD and in 12.0% of patients with idiopathic ILD. The animal model for APS1, Aire⁻/⁻ mice, harbors autoantibodies to a similar lung antigen (BPIFB9); these autoantibodies are a marker for ILD. We found that a defect in thymic tolerance was responsible for the production of BPIFB9 autoantibodies and the development of ILD. We also found that immunoreactivity targeting BPIFB1 independent of a defect in Aire also led to ILD, consistent with our discovery of BPIFB1 autoantibodies in non-APS1 patients. Overall, our results demonstrate that autoimmunity targeting the lung-specific antigen BPIFB1 may contribute to the pathogenesis of ILD in patients with APS1 and in subsets of patients with non-APS1 ILD, demonstrating the role of lung-specific autoimmunity in the genesis of ILD