The burden of skin and subcutaneous diseases: findings from the global burden of disease study 2019

BackgroundThe small number of existing integrative studies on the global distribution and burden of all types of skin and subcutaneous diseases hinders relevant comparisons.ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the latest distribution, epidemiological differences, and factors potentially influencing each skin and subcutaneous disease and the policy implications.MethodsData on the skin and subcutaneous diseases were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The incidence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and deaths due to skin and subcutaneous diseases in 204 countries and regions from 1990 to 2019 were analyzed and stratified by sex, age, geographical location, and sociodemographic index (SDI). The annual age-standardized rate of change in the incidence was obtained to evaluate temporal trends.ResultsOf 4,859,267,654 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 4,680,693,440–5,060,498,767) new skin and subcutaneous disease cases that were identified, most were fungal (34.0%) and bacterial (23.0%) skin diseases, which accounted for 98,522 (95% UI 75,116–123,949) deaths. The burden of skin and subcutaneous diseases measured in DALYs was 42,883,695.48 (95%UI, 28,626,691.71-63,438,210.22) in 2019, 5.26% of which were years of life lost, and 94.74% of which were years lived with disability. The highest number of new cases and deaths from skin and subcutaneous diseases was in South Asia. Globally, most new cases were in the 0–4-year age group, with skin and subcutaneous disease incidence slightly higher in men than in women.ConclusionFungal infections are major contributors to skin and subcutaneous diseases worldwide. Low–middle SDI states had the highest burden of skin and subcutaneous diseases, and this burden has increased globally. Targeted and effective management strategies based on the distribution characteristics of each country are, thus, required to reduce the burden of skin and subcutaneous diseases

Enhancing the Vulnerability Assessment of Rainwater Pipe Networks: An Advanced Fuzzy Borda Combination Evaluation Approach

A vulnerability assessment system for rainwater pipe networks, comprising 13 indexes, was developed to facilitate the rational allocation and timely updating of urban storm drainage systems. An enhanced Borda combination evaluation method, which considers both the optimal and worst solutions, was proposed, accompanied by the operation procedure and numerical calculation method. Five stormwater systems in Central China were selected as case studies, and their vulnerability was evaluated and compared using five distinct evaluation methods: the entropy weight method, the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), the efficacy coefficient method, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, and the improved fuzzy Borda combination evaluation method. The results demonstrated that the correlation coefficients between the fuzzy Borda combination evaluation method and the four individual evaluation methods were equal to or greater than 0.88, indicating strong agreement. Additionally, the compatibility of the combination evaluation method was found to be 0.96. This study holds both theoretical significance and practical value for preventing urban waterlogging and contributes to the development of more resilient urban storm drainage systems

An Overview of Foreign Long-Range Precise Air Striking Development

Long-range air striking is an important trend in the modern air operations. This paper focuses on the development of equipment, technology, and operation concepts in long-range air strike domain in foreign countries, analyzes the main research status in this field and summarizes the development trends in operation concepts, weapon platforms, and kill chains. Three typical operation modes of long-range air striking, which are collaborative target detection guided long-range striking, collaborative target indication guided long-range striking and networked relayed guided long-range striking, are proposed from the perspective of how guidance information is generated. Based on the development situation in foreign countries, key technologies supporting long-range air striking are summarized and discussed

IMPACT TEST ON ALUMINUM HONEYCOMB SANDWICH PANELS

The dynamic mechanical properties of aluminum honeycomb sandwich panels were investigated under low velocity drop weight impact test.The failure behaviors,destruction process and typical force-displacement curves were analyzed.The impact velocities and panel thickness have influence on ultimate impact force and energy absorption was analyzed respectively.The mechanical properties of sandwich panels with corresponding panel thickness under quasi-static test were compared.The tests result show that typical impact load-displacement curve of aluminum honeycomb sandwich panels presents five stages.The ultimate impact force and energy absorption of sandwich panels under different impact velocities are basically identical.With the panel thickness increasing,ultimate impact force and energy absorption of sandwich panels increase.Compared with quasi-static experiment,the ultimate impact force and energy absorption of sandwich panels with three kinds surface thickness under low velocity drop weight impact tests are improved

Gradation and Rheological Characteristics of Glacial Debris Flow along the Kangding–Linzhi Section of Sichuan–Tibet Railway

To date, most research on the characteristics of glacial debris flow along the Sichuan–Tibet railway has focused on numerical simulations and remote sensing, resulting in a lack of direct experimental data from debris flow samples. Therefore, in the present study, a field investigation was conducted along the Sichuan–Tibet railway, and 55 samples of glacial debris flow deposits were systematically analyzed to determine their grading and rheological properties. This is the first systematic experimental study on glacial debris flow deposits. The results showed that the proportion of coarse particles was high and the proportion of fine particles was low in the glacial debris flow along the Sichuan–Tibet railway. The average gravel and sand contents were 37.8% and 58%, respectively, and the average contents of silt and clay were 3.7% and 0.47%, respectively. The average fractal dimension was 2.1507, which is much greater than that of viscous debris flow. Under the same gravity and shear rate, the stress of typical glacial debris flow was significantly less than that of viscous debris flow, whereas the variability of the stress was more significant. These findings will contribute to revealing the movement rules and disaster risk of glacier debris flow along the Sichuan–Tibet railway and have considerable theoretical and practical significance for ensuring safety during both its construction and later operation

QUASI-STATIC LOCALIZED INDENTATION TESTS ON ALUMINUM HONEYCOMB SANDWICH PANEL

Quasi-static localized indentation tests were carried out to investigate the indentation mechanical properties of the aluminum honeycomb sandwich panels. The destruction process,failure behaviors and typical force-displacement curves were analyzed. The impact of surface plates thicknesses,aperture sizes,intender types and boundary conditions on the ultimate load and energy absorption capacity were studied. The results indicate that the aluminum honeycomb sandwich panels have two kinds of typical force-displacement curves,and six stages are presented: elastic stage,local destruction stage,intensify stage,entirely damage stage,compression density stage and bottom damage stage. Surface plates thickness and aperture size have certain influence on load bearing capability and energy absorption capacity. Indenter types have much influence on load bearing capability and rigidity,but little influence on the energy absorption capacity. Different boundary conditions and core thicknesses have less influence on strength and energy absorption capacity of aluminum honeycomb sandwich panels

Connections between Parental Phubbing and Electronic Media Use in Young Children: The Mediating Role of Parent–Child Conflict and Moderating Effect of Child Emotion Regulation

In this digital age, where parental attention is often diverted by digital engagement, the phenomenon of “parental phubbing,” defined as parents ignoring their children in favor of mobile devices, is scrutinized for its potential impact on child development. This study, utilizing questionnaire data from 612 parents and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with moderated mediation, examines the potential association between parental phubbing and young children’s electronic media use. The findings revealed a correlation between parental phubbing and increased electronic media use in children. Parent–child conflict, informed by instances of parental phubbing, was identified as a partial mediator in this relation. Notably, children’s emotion regulation emerged as a moderating factor, with adept regulation linked to reduced adverse effects of parental phubbing and improved relational harmony. These findings underscore the importance of parental awareness of their digital behaviors and the benefits of fostering robust parent–child relationships and supporting children’s emotional regulation to nurture well-adjusted “digital citizens” in the contemporary media landscape