74 research outputs found
Boosting Feedback Efficiency of Interactive Reinforcement Learning by Adaptive Learning from Scores
Interactive reinforcement learning has shown promise in learning complex
robotic tasks. However, the process can be human-intensive due to the
requirement of large amount of interactive feedback. This paper presents a new
method that uses scores provided by humans, instead of pairwise preferences, to
improve the feedback efficiency of interactive reinforcement learning. Our key
insight is that scores can yield significantly more data than pairwise
preferences. Specifically, we require a teacher to interactively score the full
trajectories of an agent to train a behavioral policy in a sparse reward
environment. To avoid unstable scores given by human negatively impact the
training process, we propose an adaptive learning scheme. This enables the
learning paradigm to be insensitive to imperfect or unreliable scores. We
extensively evaluate our method on robotic locomotion and manipulation tasks.
The results show that the proposed method can efficiently learn near-optimal
policies by adaptive learning from scores, while requiring less feedback
compared to pairwise preference learning methods. The source codes are publicly
available at https://github.com/SSKKai/Interactive-Scoring-IRL.Comment: Accepted by IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots
and Systems (IROS 2023
Network Pruning via Feature Shift Minimization
Channel pruning is widely used to reduce the complexity of deep network
models. Recent pruning methods usually identify which parts of the network to
discard by proposing a channel importance criterion. However, recent studies
have shown that these criteria do not work well in all conditions. In this
paper, we propose a novel Feature Shift Minimization (FSM) method to compress
CNN models, which evaluates the feature shift by converging the information of
both features and filters. Specifically, we first investigate the compression
efficiency with some prevalent methods in different layer-depths and then
propose the feature shift concept. Then, we introduce an approximation method
to estimate the magnitude of the feature shift, since it is difficult to
compute it directly. Besides, we present a distribution-optimization algorithm
to compensate for the accuracy loss and improve the network compression
efficiency. The proposed method yields state-of-the-art performance on various
benchmark networks and datasets, verified by extensive experiments. Our codes
are available at: https://github.com/lscgx/FSM
Impact of wind farm wake steering control on blade root load
Yaw misalignment is known to affect blade root loads on wind turbines. Most of previous studies concentrate on yaw misalignment in the context of wake steering control, aiming at increasing the total output power of the wind farm. There, wake steering is compared with greedy control, in which yaw misalignment is considered to be 0. In reality, yaw misalignment also occurs in greedy control due to changes in wind direction arising from varying inflow conditions (e.g. turbulence). This paper aims at comparing these two sources of yaw misalignment-naturally changing wind direction versus active yaw in wake steering-in terms of blade root loads. To this end, SCADA data from a real wind farm is used to get yaw misalignment statistics in actual greedy control conditions. FAST.Farm is used to simulate three wind turbines arranged in series, to study maximum and damage-equivalent loads corresponding to in-plane and out-of-plane bending moments on the blades. The results show that compared with actual greedy control, wake steering control reduces the maximum load from the upstream wind turbine, but increases it from other wind turbines. Concerning the damage-equivalent loads from all wind turbines, the blade's in-plane moment is reduced, but the blade's out-of-plane moment is increased.Impact of wind farm wake steering control on blade root loadacceptedVersio
Knowledge, attitude, and practice toward ultrasound screening for breast cancer among women
BackgroundSeveral obstacles can hinder breast cancer screening. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) toward ultrasound screening for breast cancer in women.MethodsThis cross-sectional study recruited women who visited the breast specialist clinic of Zhongshan City People’s Hospital (a tertiary hospital) between August 2022 and April 2023 through convenience sampling. KAP scores ≥70% were considered adequate.ResultsThis study enrolled 501 participants. The mean knowledge, attitude, and practice levels were 8.56 ± 1.81/12 (possible range 0–12, 71.33%), 29.80 ± 2.71 (possible range 8–40, 74.50%), and 32.04 ± 3.09 (possible range 8–40, 80.10%). Senior high school education (vs. junior high school and below, coefficient = 1.531, 95%CI: 1.013–2.312, p = 0.044), bachelor’s education and above (vs. junior high school and below, coefficient = 5.315, 95%CI: 3.546–7.966, p < 0.001), housewife or unemployed (vs. employed, coefficient = 0.671, 95%CI: 0.466–0.966, p = 0.032), and a history of breast ultrasound (vs. no, coefficient = 1.466, 95%CI: 1.121–1.917, p = 0.005) were independently and positively associated with knowledge. Knowledge (coefficient = 1.303, 95%CI: 1.100–1.544, p = 0.002) and monthly income >10,000 (vs. <5,000, coefficient = 4.364, 95%CI: 1.738–10.956, p = 0.002) were independently and positively associated with attitude. Only attitude (coefficient = 1.212, 95%CI: 1.096–1.340, p < 0.001) was independently and positively associated with the practice. A structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis was used to estimate causality among KAP dimensions, showing that knowledge directly influenced attitude (β = −1.090, p = 0.015), knowledge did not directly influence practice (β = −0.117, p = 0.681) but had an indirect influence (β = 0.826, p = 0.028), and attitude directly influenced practice (β = −0.757, p = 0.016).ConclusionWomen in Zhongshan City had good knowledge, favorable attitudes, and active practice toward breast ultrasound screening for breast cancer. Women’s characteristics associated with a poorer KAP were identified, allowing for more targeted interventions
A new opportunity for the emerging tellurium semiconductor: making resistive switching devices
Abstract: The development of the resistive switching cross-point array as the next-generation platform for high-density storage, in-memory computing and neuromorphic computing heavily relies on the improvement of the two component devices, volatile selector and nonvolatile memory, which have distinct operating current requirements. The perennial current-volatility dilemma that has been widely faced in various device implementations remains a major bottleneck. Here, we show that the device based on electrochemically active, low-thermal conductivity and low-melting temperature semiconducting tellurium filament can solve this dilemma, being able to function as either selector or memory in respective desired current ranges. Furthermore, we demonstrate one-selector-one-resistor behavior in a tandem of two identical Te-based devices, indicating the potential of Te-based device as a universal array building block. These nonconventional phenomena can be understood from a combination of unique electrical-thermal properties in Te. Preliminary device optimization efforts also indicate large and unique design space for Te-based resistive switching devices
Anomalous stopping of laser-accelerated intense proton beam in dense ionized matter
Ultrahigh-intensity lasers (10-10W/cm) have opened up new
perspectives in many fields of research and application [1-5]. By irradiating a
thin foil, an ultrahigh accelerating field (10 V/m) can be formed and
multi-MeV ions with unprecedentedly high intensity (10A/cm) in short
time scale (ps) are produced [6-14]. Such beams provide new options in
radiography [15], high-yield neutron sources [16], high-energy-density-matter
generation [17], and ion fast ignition [18,19]. An accurate understanding of
the nonlinear behavior of beam transport in matter is crucial for all these
applications. We report here the first experimental evidence of anomalous
stopping of a laser-generated high-current proton beam in well-characterized
dense ionized matter. The observed stopping power is one order of magnitude
higher than single-particle slowing-down theory predictions. We attribute this
phenomenon to collective effects where the intense beam drives an decelerating
electric field approaching 1GV/m in the dense ionized matter. This finding will
have considerable impact on the future path to inertial fusion energy.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure
Energy loss enhancement of very intense proton beams in dense matter due to the beam-density effect
Thoroughly understanding the transport and energy loss of intense ion beams
in dense matter is essential for high-energy-density physics and inertial
confinement fusion. Here, we report a stopping power experiment with a
high-intensity laser-driven proton beam in cold, dense matter. The measured
energy loss is one order of magnitude higher than the expectation of individual
particle stopping models. We attribute this finding to the proximity of beam
ions to each other, which is usually insignificant for relatively-low-current
beams from classical accelerators. The ionization of the cold target by the
intense ion beam is important for the stopping power calculation and has been
considered using proper ionization cross section data. Final theoretical values
agree well with the experimental results. Additionally, we extend the stopping
power calculation for intense ion beams to plasma scenario based on Ohm's law.
Both the proximity- and the Ohmic effect can enhance the energy loss of intense
beams in dense matter, which are also summarized as the beam-density effect.
This finding is useful for the stopping power estimation of intense beams and
significant to fast ignition fusion driven by intense ion beams
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