Cooperative Optimization QoS Cloud Routing Protocol Based on Bacterial Opportunistic Foraging and Chemotaxis Perception for Mobile Internet

In order to strengthen the mobile Internet mobility management and cloud platform resources utilization, optimizing the cloud routing efficiency is established, based on opportunistic bacterial foraging bionics, and puts forward a chemotaxis perception of collaborative optimization QoS (Quality of Services) cloud routing mechanism. The cloud routing mechanism is based on bacterial opportunity to feed and bacterial motility and to establish the data transmission and forwarding of the bacterial population behavior characteristics. This mechanism is based on the characteristics of drug resistance of bacteria and the structure of the field, and through many iterations of the individual behavior and population behavior the bacteria can be spread to the food gathering area with a certain probability. Finally, QoS cloud routing path would be selected and optimized based on bacterial bionic optimization and hedge mapping relationship between mobile Internet node and bacterial population evolution iterations. Experimental results show that, compared with the standard dynamic routing schemes, the proposed scheme has shorter transmission delay, lower packet error ratio, QoS cloud routing loading, and QoS cloud route request overhead

Calcium-magnesium-alumino-silicate induced degradation of La2(Zr0.7Ce0.3)2O7/YSZ double-ceramic–layer thermal barrier coatings prepared by electron beam-physical vapor deposition

During last decades, much effort has been made to develop new alternative thermal barrier coating (TBC) to traditional YSZ for applications above 1250oC. La2(Zr0.7Ce0.3)2O7(LZ7C3) is deemed as a very promising TBC candidate for advanced gas turbine because of its extremely low thermal conductivity, high sintering resistance and phase stability from room temperature to 1600oC. Thermal cycling with a gas burner showed that the LZ7C3/YSZ double-ceramic-layer (DCL) coatings prepared by electron beam-physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) or atmospheric plasma spraying had a much longer lifetime than that of YSZ coating at 1250± 50oC.The use of the new TBC can allow higher gas temperatures, resulting in further improved thermal efficiency and engine performance. However, at these high operating temperatures, TBCs become susceptible to attack by calcium-magnesium-alumino-silicate (CMAS, relative to the main chemical components Ca, Mg, Al and Si) deposits resulting from the ingestion of siliceous minerals (dust, sand, volcanic ash, runway debris) with the intake air. CMAS becomes molten at temperatures above 1200oC and then rapidly penetrates the TBCs by capillary force, resulting in the loss of strain tolerance and premature failure of the coatings. In this paper, CMAS induced degradation of LZ7C3/YSZ DCL coatings prepared by EB-PVD method were investigated. Hot corrosion tests were performed at 1250oC at durations varying from 0.5 h to 24 h. It is observed that the infiltration of CMAS in the intercolumnar gaps was largely suppressed in the case of EB-PVD LZ7C3 coating. The penetration depth rarely exceeded 40 μm below the original surface even after 24 h exposure at 1250oC. This was ascribed to rapid dissolution of the LZ7C3 and essentially concurrent formation of a sealing layer made of crystalline apatite and fluorite phases, which is consistent with the observation on Gd2Zr2O7. However, large vertical cracks would form in the EB-PVD LZ7C3 coating during thermal cycling as a result of re-crystallization, sintering and thermal expansion mismatch between ceramic coating and substrate. These vertical cracks can also act as channels to CMAS melt infiltration. Since the kinetics of the dissolve-reprecipitation reaction was slower than the infiltration rate of CMAS in the vertical crack, the majority of vertical cracks were not sealed. As a result, CMAS flowed down to the LZ7C3/YSZ interface along the vertical cracks, and then easily penetrated the YSZ buffer layer by capillary force. Chemical interaction also occurred in the YSZ buffer layer. What\u27s more, the YSZ layer in the DCL coating even underwent a severer CMAS attack than the single YSZ coating. After 4 h CMAS exposure, the YSZ layer of the LZ7C3/YSZ bilayer coating was totally dissolved by molten CMAS followed by precipitation of a large number of globular ZrO2 particles, while the single YSZ coating just suffered a slight degradation in the same experimental conditions and still kept its columnar structure. The probable reason was that the CMAS melt in the YSZ layer of the DCL coating had a higher CaO/SiO2 ration than the original CMAS composition due to the formation of apatite phase when CMAS reacted with the upper LZ7C3 layer. The initial Si: Ca ratio (Si: Ca≈1.4) in CMAS melt is less than the corresponding apatite (Si: Ca≈3), leading to progressive CaO enrichment during apatite crystallization. For this reason, it is suggested that the effectiveness of the CMAS mitigation strategy for YSZ TBCs by adopting a so-called CMAS-resistant top layer needs to be assessed in the context of more realistic conditions. If the formation of large vertical cracks in TBCs was not avoided, this CMAS mitigation approach may not as effective as expected

Characterization of the transcripts of human cytomegalovirus UL144

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The genome of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has been studied extensively, particularly in the UL/b' region. In this study, transcripts of one of the UL/b' genes, UL144, were identified in 3 HCMV isolates obtained from urine samples of congenitally infected infants.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Northern blot hybridization, cDNA library screening, and RACE-PCR were used.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We identified at least 4 differentially regulated 3'-coterminal transcripts of UL144 in infected cells of 1,300, 1,600, 1,700, and 3,500 nucleotides (nt). The 1600 nt transcript was the major form of UL144 mRNA. The largest transcript initiated from the region within the UL141 open reading frame (ORF) and included UL141, UL142, UL143, UL144, and UL145 ORFs.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These findings reveal the complex nature of the transcription of the UL144 gene in clinical isolates.</p

Antibiotic and disinfectant resistance of Salmonella enterica Typhimurium

Objective The aims of this study were to investigate the antibiotic resistance, disinfectant resistance and their associations in 302 Salmonella enterica Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) isolates from retail meats, food animals and humans. Methods Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed according to the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of disinfectants were determined by broth microdilution method, and disinfectant resistance genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Results Antibiotic susceptibility testing demonstrated that 96.03% (290/302) of S. Typhimurium isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic and 79.80% (241/302) were multidrug resistant (MDR). Tested isolates showed the highest resistance to streptomycin (78.81%, 238/302), followed by compound sulphonamides (78.15%, 236/302), tetracycline (75.50%, 228/302) and ampicillin (71.85%, 217/302). All isolates were sensitive to cefepime and imipenem. The resistance of S. Typhimurium from food to compound sulphonamides, tetracycline, ampicillin, nalidixic acid, and gentamicin were significantly higher than those from human and animal origin (P1 024 mg/L, respectively. In addition, the frequency of resistance to PVP-I, BC and TCS was observed significantly higher in food and animal isolates than human isolates (P<0.05). The qacEΔ1, sugE (p) and qacE disinfectant resistance genes were detected in 56.95% (172/302), 20.53% (62/302) and 2.65% (8/302) of all the isolates, respectively. Notably, qacEΔ1 gene was significantly associated with β-lactam, aminoglycoside, tetracycline, sulfonamide, quinolone and chloramphenicol resistance (P<0.01). Conclusion It was indicated that antibiotic and disinfectant resistance were common among S. Typhimurium isolates and the use of disinfectants or antibiotics may contribute to co-selecting isolates with acquired resistance to other antimicrobials, which could pose significant threats to food safety and public health

Haploinsufficiency of A20 in a Chinese child caused by loss-of-function mutations in TNFAIP3: A case report and review of the literature

Case PresentationA 3-year-and-6-month-old child was reported to have recurrent high fever with generalized lymph node enlargement and significant elevation of inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein and procalcitonin in tests. Later, whole exome sequencing determined that the child's disease was haploinsufficiency of A20 (HA20).ResultsAfter immunosuppressive therapy, the child's symptoms improved significantly, and the inflammatory markers dropped to the normal range.ConclusionBecause of the characteristics of HA20, this disease is often underdiagnosed and misdiagnosed in clinical practice. By reporting this case of HA20 in a child, we hope to increase the awareness of this disease in the clinic

Investigation of diverse bacteria encoding histidine decarboxylase gene in Sichuan-style sausages by culture-dependent techniques, polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, and high-throughput sequencing

The diverse bacteria encoding histidine decarboxylase gene during the fermentation of Sichuan-style sausages were investigated by culture-dependent techniques, polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE), and high-throughput sequencing. All microbial indicators exhibited the advantages of mixed starter culture and the stability of microecosystem was more in the inoculation group than in the control group. DGGE and selected band sequencing were used to investigate the bacterial diversity of these sausages. Weissella were the main lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the initial fermentation stage, whereas Weissella and Lactobacillus were the dominant bacteria in the later fermentation stage. After sequence alignment analysis, Enterobacter aerogenes and Citrobacter freundi were the two main bacteria encoding histidine decarboxylase gene and could produce histamine. These findings facilitate the better understanding of bacteria producing histidine decarboxylase during sausage fermentation and provide a theoretical basis for the control of histamine-producing bacteria in the process of fermented sausage processing.Peer reviewe

Effects of lipids with different oxidation levels on protein degradation and biogenic amines formation in Sichuan-style sausages

ABS T R A C T We evaluated the effects of different oxidation levels of lipids on protein degradation and biogenic amines (BAs) formation during Sichuan-style sausages processing. Lipids with varying degrees of oxidation were obtained through storage at different temperatures and added as raw materials of Sichuan-style sausages, followed by the analyses of lipid oxidation, protein degradation, biogenic amine content, and other indicators. During the pro-cessing, with increasing degree of lipid oxidation, the contents of peroxide value (POV), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs), protein degradation index (PI), amino acid nitrogen (AAN), free amino acids (FAAs), and BAs increased. Based on the protein electrophoresis results, the higher the oxidation degree of pig backfat, the higher degree of sarcoplasmic protein oxidation, and the greater myofibril protein degradation. Pearson correlation revealed that lipid oxidation, protein degradation, and BAs content correlated significantly (P < 0.05).Peer reviewe

Case Report: Talaromyces marneffei Infection in a Chinese Child With a Complex Heterozygous CARD9 Mutation

Talaromyces marneffei (TM) infection is rarely seen in clinical practice, and its pathogenesis may be related to deficiency in antifungal immune function. Human caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 (CARD9) is a key molecule in fungal immune surveillance. There have been no previous case reports of TM infection in individuals with CARD9 gene mutations. Herein, we report the case of a 7-month-old Chinese boy who was admitted to our hospital with recurring cough and fever with a papular rash. A blood culture produced TM growth, which was confirmed by metagenomic next-generation sequencing. One of the patient’s sisters had died of TM septicaemia at 9 months of age. Whole exome sequencing revealed that the patient had a complex heterozygous CARD9 gene mutation with a c.1118G&gt;C p.R373P variation in exon 8 and a c.610C&gt;T p.R204C variation in exon 4. Based on the culture results, voriconazole antifungal therapy was administered. On the third day of antifungal administration, his temperature dropped to within normal range, the rash gradually subsided, and the enlargement of his lymph nodes, liver, and spleen improved. Two months after discharge, he returned to the hospital for a follow-up examination. His general condition was good, and no specific abnormalities were detected. Oral voriconazole treatment was continued. Unexplained TM infection in HIV-negative individuals warrants investigation for immune deficiencies