Clinical Study Clinicopathological Factors Affecting Survival and Recurrence after Initial Hepatectomy in Non-B Non-C Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients with Comparison to Hepatitis B or C Virus

We evaluated clinicopathological factors affecting survival and recurrence after initial hepatectomy in non-B non-C (NBNC) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with comparison to hepatitis B or C virus, paying attention to relationship between alcohol consumption and histopathological findings. The medical records on the 201HCC patients who underwent initial hepatectomy between January 2000 and April 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. NBNC patients had higher prevalence of hypertension (47.4%), diabetes mellitus (35.5%), alcohol consumption (>20 g/day) (61.8%), and preserved liver function than hepatitis B or C patients. The 5-year survival rate of NBNC patients (74.1%) was significantly better than hepatitis B (49.1%) or C (65.0%) patients (NBNC versus B, = 0.031). Among the NBNC patients, there was no relationship between alcohol consumption and clinicopathological findings including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score (NAS). However, the 5-year OS and RFS rates in the alcoholunrelated NBNC patients tend to be better than in the alcohol-related. By multivariate analysis, independent factors for OS in NBNC patients were Child-Pugh B/C, intrahepatic metastasis (im), and extrahepatic recurrence. NBNC patients, who were highly associated with lifestyle-related disease and preserved liver function, had significantly better prognosis compared to hepatitis B/C patients; however, there was no association between alcohol consumption and histopathological findings

膵癌撲滅に向けたテーラーメード治療―化学放射線療法抵抗性・癌幹細胞に対する戦略―

application/pdf難治性癌である進行膵癌にたいして、治療前に、化学放射線治療抵抗性の有無を見極めて、患者毎の個別化治療を行うことを最終目的とした研究を行った。治療前に膵癌の診断をするために施行した、内視鏡的組織診断の検体の一部を用いてhENT1という免疫染色を行い、ジェムザールという抗癌剤治療の効果が出やすい患者とそうでない患者のグループ分けが可能となった。抗癌剤治療抵抗性と診断された患者に対して、さらに効き目のある抗癌剤治療を模索中である。Our goal of this study is to establish the tailor made treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer paying attention to chemoradiation resistant cancer stem cell. We could discriminate whether the pancreatic cancer cell had chemoradiation resistance or not by using immunohistochemistry "hENT1" of sample which were obtained by EUS FNAB2013年度～2016年度科学研究費補助金(基盤研究(C))研究成果報告書2546210

Inverted Y‐shaped technique for complex superior mesenteric / portal vein reconstruction in pancreatoduodenectomy for locally advanced pancreatic head ductal adenocarcinoma

Abstract Most pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) procedures for locally advanced pancreatic head adenocarcinoma (PDAC) require superior mesenteric/portal vein (SMV/PV) axis resection and reconstruction. Here we describe the inverted Y‐shaped as a new technique for complex SMV/PV reconstruction and aimed at evaluating its safety and effectiveness. Among 287 patients who underwent PD for locally advanced PDAC from April, 2007 to December, 2020 at our hospital, 11 patients (3.8%) who underwent PV/SMV reconstruction with this technique were enrolled. Briefly, two distal veins were slit‐wedged, sutured, resulting in one orifice, then reconstruction was completed with (n = 6) or without (n = 5) interposed autologous right external iliac vein (REIV) grafts, respectively. Operation time and blood loss were 649 (502–822) min and 1782 (475–6680) mL, respectively. The median length of resected SMV/PV was 40 (20–70) mm, 50 (50–70) mm for REIV grafts, and the splenic vein was resected in eight patients. No patient developed pancreatic fistula; mild leg edema was observed in the six graft patients and the median hospital stay was 36.0 d. PV patency rate at 2 mo after PD was 91% (10/11) and no 90‐d mortality was recorded. R0 resection rate was 91% (10/11). It is feasible to safely reconstruct the SMV/PV using the inverted Y‐shaped technique in appropriately selected PDAC patients

Approach to Fine-needle Aspiration Cytology-negative Cases of Breast Cancer

To clarify the clinical usefulness of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology of breast tumours and the management of FNA cytology-negative cases suspected of or equivocal for malignancy. Methods: FNA cytology was performed in 94 patients between 1995 and 2002. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of FNA cytology for the diagnosis of malignancy. We also compared clinical and radiological findings between false-negative and true-negative cases. Results: The sensitivity of FNA was 91% (72/79), specificity was 93% (14/15), accuracy was 91% (86/94), positive predictive value was 99% (72/73) and negative predictive value was 67% (14/21). There were seven false-negative cases and one false-positive case. Findings that aroused suspicion of malignancy were more frequent in the false-negative cases, especially from mammography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Conclusion: FNA cytology was an accurate preoperative diagnostic procedure for the evaluation of breast masses. In FNA cytology-negative cases, repeated FNA, core needle biopsy or excisional biopsy needs to be performed based on MRI findings

Lateral Access Spine Surgery following Liver Transplantation: A Report of Two Cases

With improving prognosis for recipients of liver transplantation, the necessity of medical care for musculoskeletal disorders, including spinal diseases, of these patients is also increasing. Only a few reports are available on cases of spine surgery following liver transplantation. Furthermore, a case of lateral access surgery following liver transplantation has not thus far been reported. The purpose of this study is to present the first two cases of patients treated with lateral access spine surgery following liver transplantation. Case 1. A 49-year-old female had received living donor liver transplantation (LT) for acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) ten years prior to spine surgery. The patient underwent two levels of lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) followed by posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) for degenerative lumbar disease. Although neurological symptoms in the lower extremity improved, a liver disorder resulting from acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity occurred at an early stage following spine surgery. Case 2. A 66-year-old female had received living donor liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) six years prior to spine surgery. She underwent posterior instrumentation surgery followed by a T12 corpectomy using a wide-foot print expandable cage for T12 vertebral collapse. Following surgery, her weakened muscle strength in the lower extremities was significantly improved. Lateral access spine surgery for lumbar and thoracolumbar lesions can be successfully performed for patients following liver transplantation. However, careful follow-up should be performed for complications related to the function of the liver graft following spine surgery