14 research outputs found
Effects of Layering Milling Technology on Dough Properties of Highland Barley and Bread Qualities
Highland barley (Qingke) is rich in nutrients and has the nutrient composition of âthree highs and two lows,â which are high vitamin, high soluble dietary fiber, high β-glucan, low fat, and low sugar. In this paper, it was proposed to remove the layers of different ratios with different peeling rates. Then, different peeled highland barley was milled into flour and added to bread flour in the same proportion to make wheat-highland barley bread. The results showed that the removal of the cortex of highland barley flour was beneficial to its fermentation characteristics, the comprehensive capacity of gas production and gas holding has been improved, and the maximum fermentation height and retention coefficient were both at QK2-35%, while the gas production at QK4-35% is higher than other samples. From QK0-35% to QK5-35%, the  significance of the highland barley bread increased, from 56.31 to 70.88. The results showed that choosing QK4-35% as the best peeling rate of highland barley flour blends could not only retain the nutritional value of highland barley bread but also optimize the quality of bread to a certain extent, which could attract consumers and has a good development prospect
Extraction of Flavonoids from Corn Silk and Biological Activities In Vitro
When harvesting corn, corn silk was discarded as waste, including the compounds isolated and identified from corn silk such as flavonoids, sterols, alkaloids, polysaccharides, organic acids, volatile oils, trace elements, and multivitamins. It not only pollutes the environment but also wastes resources. In this paper, extraction methods commonly used for extracting flavonoids from corn silk were reviewed, such as reagent method, enzymatic method, microwave, supercritical CO2 extraction, ultrasonic, and microwave-assisted ultrasonic. Flavonoids are natural antioxidants and have application value in scavenging free radicals, inhibiting bacteria, and regulating blood lipids. The in vitro biological activities of flavonoids from corn silk extracted by different extraction methods were also compared
Effects of Layering Milling Technology on Dough Properties of Highland Barley and Bread Qualities
Highland barley (Qingke) is rich in nutrients and has the nutrient composition of âthree highs and two lows,â which are high vitamin, high soluble dietary fiber, high β-glucan, low fat, and low sugar. In this paper, it was proposed to remove the layers of different ratios with different peeling rates. Then, different peeled highland barley was milled into flour and added to bread flour in the same proportion to make wheat-highland barley bread. The results showed that the removal of the cortex of highland barley flour was beneficial to its fermentation characteristics, the comprehensive capacity of gas production and gas holding has been improved, and the maximum fermentation height and retention coefficient were both at QK2-35%, while the gas production at QK4-35% is higher than other samples. From QK0-35% to QK5-35%, the Lâ significance of the highland barley bread increased, from 56.31 to 70.88. The results showed that choosing QK4-35% as the best peeling rate of highland barley flour blends could not only retain the nutritional value of highland barley bread but also optimize the quality of bread to a certain extent, which could attract consumers and has a good development prospect
Plasma Depolymerization of Chitosan in the Presence of Hydrogen Peroxide
Abstract: The depolymerization of chitosan by plasma in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was investigated. The efficiency of the depolymerization was demonstrated by means of determination of viscosity-average molecular weight and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The structure of the depolymerized chitosan was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), ultraviolet spectra (UV) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that chitosan can be effectively degradated by plasma in the presence of H2O2. The chemical structure of the depolymerized chitosan was not obviously modified. The combined plasma/H2O2 method is significantly efficient for scale-up manufacturing of low molecular weight chitosan
Bioavailability and Bioactivity of Alkylresorcinols from Different Cereal Products
Cereal products are the most important dietary source for energy intake and several bioactive compounds with high concentrations in the bran and the germ. Different cereal products provide a rich source of bioactive phytochemicals, namely, phenolic acids, carotenoids, tocopherols, alkylresorcinols, benzoxazines, phytosterols, and lignans. The bioactive substance alkylresorcinols (ARs) present in the whole cereal can inhibit enzyme activity, prevent bacterial or fungal infection, reduce cholesterol absorption, prevent cancer, and resist oxidation. In this paper, we discussed the biological activity of ARs in whole cereal products. Understanding the effects of processing on cereal phytochemicals will help us to develop improved processes for processing cereal foods with higher retention rates of bioactive compounds
Preparation and Physicochemical Properties of Cyperus esculentus Starch from its Tubers Using Ultrasound-assisted Alkali Method
Cyperus esculentus tubers are rich in starch, oil, protein, dietary fiber, and other nutrients. Ultrasonic treatment can reduce the combination of starch, protein, and dietary fiber in C. esculentus tubers during extraction of C. esculentus starch, thereby improving the extraction yield and shortening of the extraction time. In this study, the extraction yield of C. esculentus starch was 92.2% using ultrasound-assisted alkali method. The microstructure analysis showed that the granule characteristics of C. esculentus starch and other starches were similar. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that C. esculentus starch possessed an A-type crystal structure. The onset temperature of gelatinization endotherm and peak temperature of gelatinization of C. esculentus starch were only lower than those of sweet potato starch, and higher than other starches, which is 67.9 °C. The content of resistance starch (RS) (11.0%) in C. esculentus starch was the highest among the six starches. As an underutilized resource, C. esculentus is a new crop with high quality, high yield, and high comprehensive utilization value. Its aerial parts can be used as feed, green manure, and its underground parts can be edible and oily. C. esculentus starch can be a valuable source to develop into new functional food
Preparation and Characteristics of Starch Esters and Its Effects on Dough Physicochemical Properties
As a recyclable natural material, starch is an important raw material in food and other fields. The native starch by esterification could improve the performance of the original starch and expand its range of application. This article reviews the preparation process of acetylated distarch adipate, starch sodium octenylsuccinate, starch acetate, hydroxypropyl starch, and starch phosphate and research into the influence of starch esters on dough. At the same time, it forecasts the trend of starch esters and application prospect in the future research
Highly Interfacial Adhesion and Mechanism of Nylon-66/Rubber Composites by Designing Low-Toxic RF-like Dipping Systems
Fiber-reinforced
rubber composites (FRRC) are widely used as load-carrying
and anti-pressure products. Resorcinolâformaldehydeâlatex
(RFL) dipping is widely used to improve interfacial adhesion between
fiber and rubber in industry. Unfortunately, high volatility and toxicity
of RFL do great harm to humans and the environment during the open
dipping process. In this work, a phloroglucinolâterephthalaldehydeâlatex
(PTL) dipping system based on a low-toxic and low-volatile resin was
developed to achieve equivalent interfacial adhesion instead of RFL
ones. The reaction mechanism, chemical structure, and wettability
changes on the Nylon-66 (PA66) fiber surface were characterized. The
effect of the phloroglucinol/terephthalaldehyde (P/T) ratio on the
dip pick-up, morphology of the fiber surface, and interfacial structure
of FRRC was investigated to expound the interfacial adhesion mechanism.
At the optimum P/T ratio (1/2.2), a dipping layer with uniform and
suitable dip pick-up is achieved on the fiber surface, which ensures
the formation of an appropriate graded interfacial layer with enough
crosslinking density and modulus, under the synergistic effect of
co-vulcanization with rubber, and accordingly strengthens interfacial
adhesion. The dipped fiber possesses excellent interfacial adhesion,
dynamic fatigue life, and storage stability at the RFL level. This
new dipping system is environmentally friendly and easy to scale up
without making any change in the process and equipment
Intratumor microbiome features reveal antitumor potentials of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
ABSTRACTIntrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a rare malignancy with a high prevalence in China. This study aimed to characterize the ICC tissuesâ bacterial metagenomics signature and explore its antitumor potential for cancer. In this study, 16S rRNA sequencing was carried out on 99 tissues to characterize the features of intratumoral microbiota, followed by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and multilevel validation. The presence of microbial DNA in tissues was determined using staining, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A Gram-positive aerobic bacterium, identified as Staphylococcus capitis, was cultured from fresh tissues. Meanwhile, scRNA-seq showed that intratumoral bacteria could be present in multiple cell types. Using 16S rRNA sequencing, we identified a total of 2,320,287 high-quality reads corresponding to 4,594 OTU (operational taxonomic units) sequences. The most abundant bacterial orders include Burkholderiales, Pseudomonadales, Xanthomonadales, Bacillales and Clostridiales. Alpha and Beta diversity analysis revealed specific features in different tissues. In addition, the content of Paraburkholderia fungorum was significantly higher in the paracancerous tissues and negatively correlated with CA199 (Carbohydrate antigen199) levels. The results of in vitro and in vivo experiments suggest that P. fungorum possesses an antitumor activity against tumors. Metabolomics and transcriptomics showed that P. fungorum could inhibit tumor growth through alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism. We determined the characteristic profile of the intratumoral microbiota and the antitumor effect of P. fungorum in ICC