COVID-19の関連要因分析と非医薬品介入策と回復策の評価 : ビルトエンバイロメントとヒューマン・モビリティの視点から

内容の要約広島大学(Hiroshima University)博士(工学)Doctor of Engineeringdoctora

“What should be computed” for supporting post-pandemic recovery policymaking?:A life-oriented perspective

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused various impacts on people’s lives, while changes in people’s lives have shown mixed effects on mitigating the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Understanding how to capture such two-way interactions is crucial, not only to control the pandemic but also to support post-pandemic urban recovery policies. As suggested by the life-oriented approach, the above interactions exist with respect to a variety of life domains, which form a complex behavior system. Through a review of the literature, this paper first points out inconsistent evidence about behavioral factors affecting the spread of COVID-19, and then argues that existing studies on the impacts of COVID-19 on people’s lives have ignored behavioral co-changes in multiple life domains. Furthermore, selected uncertain trends of people’s lives for the post-pandemic recovery are described. Finally, this paper concludes with a summary about “what should be computed?” in Computational Urban Science with respect to how to catch up with delays in the SDGs caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, how to address digital divides and dilemmas of e-society, how to capture behavioral co-changes during the post-pandemic recovery process, and how to better manage post-pandemic recovery policymaking processes.</p

“What should be computed” for supporting post-pandemic recovery policymaking?:A life-oriented perspective

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused various impacts on people’s lives, while changes in people’s lives have shown mixed effects on mitigating the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Understanding how to capture such two-way interactions is crucial, not only to control the pandemic but also to support post-pandemic urban recovery policies. As suggested by the life-oriented approach, the above interactions exist with respect to a variety of life domains, which form a complex behavior system. Through a review of the literature, this paper first points out inconsistent evidence about behavioral factors affecting the spread of COVID-19, and then argues that existing studies on the impacts of COVID-19 on people’s lives have ignored behavioral co-changes in multiple life domains. Furthermore, selected uncertain trends of people’s lives for the post-pandemic recovery are described. Finally, this paper concludes with a summary about “what should be computed?” in Computational Urban Science with respect to how to catch up with delays in the SDGs caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, how to address digital divides and dilemmas of e-society, how to capture behavioral co-changes during the post-pandemic recovery process, and how to better manage post-pandemic recovery policymaking processes.</p

Proteomic analysis of elite soybean Jidou17 and its parents using iTRAQ-based quantitative approaches

BACKGROUND: Derived from Hobbit as the female parent and Zao5241 as the male parent, the elite soybean cultivar Jidou17 is significantly higher yielding and shows enhanced qualities and stronger resistance to non-biological stress than its parents. The purpose of this study is to understand the difference in protein expression patterns between Jidou17 and its parental strains and to evaluate the parental contributions to its elite traits. RESULTS: Leaves (14 days old) from Jidou17 and its parental cultivars were analysed for differential expressed proteins using an iTRAQ-based (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation) method. A total of 1269 proteins was detected, with 141 and 181 proteins in Jidou17 differing from its female and male parent, respectively. Functional classification and an enrichment analysis based on biological functions, biological processes, and cellular components revealed that all the differential proteins fell into many functional categories but that the number of proteins varied greatly for the different categories, with enrichment in specific categories. A pathway analysis indicated that the differentiated proteins were mainly classified into the ribosome assembly pathway. Protein expression clustering results showed that the expression profiles between Jidou17 and its female parent Hobbit were more similar than those between Jidou17 and its male parent Zao5241 and between the two parental strains. Therefore, the female parent Hobbit contributed more to the Jidou17 genotype. CONCLUSIONS: This study applied a proven technique to study proteomics in 14-day-old soybean leaves and explored the depth and breadth of soybean protein research. The results provide new data for further understanding the mechanisms of elite cultivar development

Quantitative trace analysis of a broad range of antiviral drugs in poultry muscle using column-switch liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry

A liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the analysis of seven antiviral drugs, zanamivir, ribavirin, oseltamivir, oseltamivir carboxylate, amantadine, rimantadine and arbidol, in poultry muscle is reported. The antiviral drugs were extracted from the homogenized poultry muscle sample using methanol. The extract was purified using tandem solid-phase extraction combining a cation exchange cartridge and a phenylboronic acid cartridge. To prevent excessive matrix effects, the analytes were separated from the matrix constituents using a column-switch liquid chromatography system combining a reversed-phase and a Hypercarb analytical column. Detection was carried out using tandem mass spectrometry. The method was fully validated according to 2002/657/EC [1] and proved to be adequate for quantification and confirmation of zanamivir and ribavirin at 10 μg kg−1, oseltamivir, oseltamivir carboxylate, amantadine and rimantadine at levels below 1.0 μg kg−1 and for qualitative confirmatory analysis of arbidol at levels below 1 μg kg−1

Paratextual Framing for Translating and Disseminating the Ming novel Jinpingmei in the Anglophone world

This paper examines the paratextual framing of the English translations of Jinpingmei (JPM). The primary focus is on the ways in which two remarkable translations are (re)packaged for the intended audience in the Anglophone world. Drawing upon Genette’s paratextuality theory and contemporary translation theories, the paper attempts to investigate whether and how paratextual elements can (re)shape the two translations and foster the representation of alterity. After presenting the theoretical framework, the paper focuses on the peritexts surrounding the core texts. It argues that peritextual manipulation not merely serves marketing ends but highlights translators’ visibility and ideological intervention in producing translations of premodern Chinese texts in different historical settings in the receiving context. It concludes that translational peritexts can be an effective means to enact cross-cultural construction and that the latest translation demonstrates a higher level of peritextual visibility in sustaining the genre of Chinese vernacular fiction and in promoting images of Chinese culture in the receiving context

From Lotus to Plum: A Critical Comparison Between Two English-language Translators of Jin Ping Mei

Generally recognized as one of the four masterworks of Ming fiction, Jin Ping Mei 金瓶梅 (1617) is one of the earliest premodern Chinese vernacular texts introduced to Anglophone audiences through translation. Several  different English translations are currently in circulation but have received inadequate academic attention. This thesis contributes to scholarship on the English translations of Jin Ping Mei by investigating and comparing its two full-length English renderings, Clement Egerton’s The Golden Lotus (1939) and David Tod Roy’s The Plum in the Golden Vase (1993-2013), both of which are relatively underexplored in the sphere of translation studies. Its primary purpose is to demonstrate that the two translations differ significantly in representing several of the most characteristic aspects of the novel. The underlying hypothesis is that both translations are shaped in fundamental ways by their responses to their respective sociocultural milieux. To test this, the study establishes four textual corpora for critical analysis, variously covering linguistic, cultural, literary, and societal dimensions of the source text. Through analysis of textual samples, it aims to describe the two translators’ choices and strategies to deduce factors that may have influenced them. It also explores the effect of their different approaches on the target readers’ perceptions of the novel. The arguments are supported by previously unstudied material from the translators’ archives. The theoretical framework is based on descriptive translation studies, which highlights both text and context, but it also incorporates insights from linguistics, literary studies, and cultural studies. The analytical method is both quantitative and qualitative. Ultimately the study offers a deeper understanding of the complex issues faced by  native English translators of premodern Chinese texts. </p

Metaphor in Literary Prose and its Cross-Cultural Transfer: A Case Study of Jinpingmei and its Two English Versions

The classic novel Jinpingmei constitutes a rich source of metaphorical expressions, which poses a challenge to interlingual translation. This paper conducts a descriptive analysis of the translation of metaphor from Chinese to English, taking Jinpingmei and its two English versions as the case study. It attempts to examine how and to what extent metaphorical language in the novel is mediated and rendered in the target language, to look at the effect of translative strategies used on the target text and its readers, and to pinpoint factors that motivate translators’ choices. Following the paradigm of descriptive translation studies, the paper resorts to a mixed method design which combines qualitative and quantitative data analysis. The results show that translators adopt a wide variety of transferring strategies to handle metaphors identified in the novel, ranging from deletion to paraphrasing and completely retaining metaphors. While metaphors are all preserved in Roy’s translation, there are many that suffer from loss or displacement to varying degrees in Egerton’s translation. Translators’ choice of different strategies exerts an effect on the images, figurative senses, metaphoricity, and cultural implications of individual metaphors in the source text, which exhibits their disparate considerations respecting the literariness of the original work and the target recipients’ needs and tastes. Finally, the present study demonstrates that metaphor translation is mainly influenced by individual translators’ translatorial skopos as well as their weighing up of prioritizing certain metaphors over others in the text in relation to its intention