DiPrompT: Disentangled Prompt Tuning for Multiple Latent Domain Generalization in Federated Learning

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for learning from decentralized data, and federated domain generalization further considers the test dataset (target domain) is absent from the decentralized training data (source domains). However, most existing FL methods assume that domain labels are provided during training, and their evaluation imposes explicit constraints on the number of domains, which must strictly match the number of clients. Because of the underutilization of numerous edge devices and additional cross-client domain annotations in the real world, such restrictions may be impractical and involve potential privacy leaks. In this paper, we propose an efficient and novel approach, called Disentangled Prompt Tuning (DiPrompT), a method that tackles the above restrictions by learning adaptive prompts for domain generalization in a distributed manner. Specifically, we first design two types of prompts, i.e., global prompt to capture general knowledge across all clients and domain prompts to capture domain-specific knowledge. They eliminate the restriction on the one-to-one mapping between source domains and local clients. Furthermore, a dynamic query metric is introduced to automatically search the suitable domain label for each sample, which includes two-substep text-image alignments based on prompt tuning without labor-intensive annotation. Extensive experiments on multiple datasets demonstrate that our DiPrompT achieves superior domain generalization performance over state-of-the-art FL methods when domain labels are not provided, and even outperforms many centralized learning methods using domain labels

Outbred genome sequencing and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in butterflies

Butterflies are exceptionally diverse but their potential as an experimental system has been limited by the difficulty of deciphering heterozygous genomes and a lack of genetic manipulation technology. Here we use a hybrid assembly approach to construct high-quality reference genomes for Papilio xuthus (contig and scaffold N50: 492 kb, 3.4 Mb) and Papilio machaon (contig and scaffold N50: 81 kb, 1.15 Mb), highly heterozygous species that differ in host plant affiliations, and adult and larval colour patterns. Integrating comparative genomics and analyses of gene expression yields multiple insights into butterfly evolution, including potential roles of specific genes in recent diversification. To functionally test gene function, we develop an efficient (up to 92.5%) CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing method that yields obvious phenotypes with three genes, Abdominal-B, ebony and frizzled. Our results provide valuable genomic and technological resources for butterflies and unlock their potential as a genetic model system

Spatial Heterogeneity of Infiltrating T Cells in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Revealed by Multi-omics Analysis

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), especially CD8+ TILs, represent a favorable prognostic factor in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) and other tumor lineages. Here, we analyze the spatial heterogeneity of different TIL subtypes in HGSOC. We integrated RNA sequencing, whole-genome sequencing, bulk T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing, as well as single-cell RNA/TCR sequencing to investigate the characteristics and differential composition of TILs across different HGSOC sites. Two immune cold patterns in ovarian cancer are identified: (1) ovarian lesions with low infiltration of mainly dysfunctional T cells and immunosuppressive Treg cells and (2) omental lesions infiltrated with non-tumor-specific bystander cells. Exhausted CD8 T cells that are preferentially enriched in ovarian tumors exhibit evidence for expansion and cytotoxic activity. Inherent tumor immune microenvironment characteristics appear to be the main contributor to the spatial differences in TIL status. The landscape of spatial heterogeneity of TILs may inform potential strategies for therapeutic manipulation in HGSOC

Design of Zoom Optical System from Visible to NIR-II for Vivo Fluorescence Imaging Device

Macro vivo fluorescence imaging is becoming more and more important in the medical field. It is also necessary to design the optical design system for the visible light of the NIR-II detector. This paper discusses the design method of the wide spectrum achromatic optical system from visible light to NIR-II. Based on ZEMAX, a wide spectrum zoom system is designed to freely observe experimental targets in the fields of view of 3.1–18.6°. The four components layout was adopted by the wide spectrum zoom system, which is suitable for 8.2 mm (1/2 inch) CCD, with an f-number of 5.0~6.0, zoom range of 25 mm~150 mm, working spectral band of 400 nm~1700 nm, full field MTF ≥ 0.3 at the spatial frequency of 100 lp/mm, and the maximum distortion of ≤±3%. All optical elements adopt the standard spherical, which can correct all kinds of aberrations well and meet each part’s basic processing requirements

Design of Zoom Optical System from Visible to NIR-II for Vivo Fluorescence Imaging Device

Macro vivo fluorescence imaging is becoming more and more important in the medical field. It is also necessary to design the optical design system for the visible light of the NIR-II detector. This paper discusses the design method of the wide spectrum achromatic optical system from visible light to NIR-II. Based on ZEMAX, a wide spectrum zoom system is designed to freely observe experimental targets in the fields of view of 3.1–18.6°. The four components layout was adopted by the wide spectrum zoom system, which is suitable for 8.2 mm (1/2 inch) CCD, with an f-number of 5.0~6.0, zoom range of 25 mm~150 mm, working spectral band of 400 nm~1700 nm, full field MTF ≥ 0.3 at the spatial frequency of 100 lp/mm, and the maximum distortion of ≤±3%. All optical elements adopt the standard spherical, which can correct all kinds of aberrations well and meet each part’s basic processing requirements.</jats:p

SteadyFlow: Spatially Smooth Optical Flow for Video Stabilization

We propose a novel motion model, SteadyFlow, to repre-sent the motion between neighboring video frames for sta-bilization. A SteadyFlow is a specific optical flow by en-forcing strong spatial coherence, such that smoothing fea-ture trajectories can be replaced by smoothing pixel pro-files, which are motion vectors collected at the same pixel location in the SteadyFlow over time. In this way, we can avoid brittle feature tracking in a video stabilization sys-tem. Besides, SteadyFlow is a more general 2D motion model which can deal with spatially-variant motion. We initialize the SteadyFlow by optical flow and then discard discontinuous motions by a spatial-temporal analysis and fill in missing regions by motion completion. Our experi-ments demonstrate the effectiveness of our stabilization on real-world challenging videos. 1

Evaluation of properties and performance of rubber-modified concrete for recycling of waste scrap tire

© 2017 Elsevier Ltd Using rubber particles as concrete aggregates can reduce the environmental impacts caused by the large accumulation of scrap tires. However, the added rubber particles can decrease concrete strength due to their low stiffness and surface bonding with cement paste. This study aims to improve the rubber concrete performance by employing different surface treatment and coating methods. Particularly, two surface treatment methods (NaOH, and Silane Coupling Agent) and three coating techniques (coated with normal cement, blended cement with silica fume, and blended cement plus sodium silicate) were used to improve rubber-cement bonding. Totally, ten groups of rubber concrete samples were prepared by using difference treatment or rubber replacement ratio. In addition, the control concrete samples without rubber particles or with as-received rubber particles were prepared for the comparison. The compressive strength tests demonstrated the NaOH-solution treatment can significantly improve the rubber concrete strength by comparing with normal and as-received rubber concrete. Further tests indicated that the samples with 25% replacement can still fulfil the strength requirements for rigid pavement construction. The measured electrical resistivity of rubber concrete were higher than the normal concrete, which indicates lower permeability and better durability. The decreased thermal conductivity and sound transmission attenuation can increase building energy efficiency and reduce noise, respectively. Overall, this study demonstrated NaOH-treated methods can improve the mechanical performance of rubber concrete and enhance its long-term durability. This modified rubber concrete can be potentially applied to the pavement and structure construction applications