1,872 research outputs found
Freeze-in Dirac neutrinogenesis: thermal leptonic CP asymmetry
We present a freeze-in realization of the Dirac neutrinogenesis in which the
decaying particle that generates the lepton-number asymmetry is in thermal
equilibrium. As the right-handed Dirac neutrinos are produced non-thermally,
the lepton-number asymmetry is accumulated and partially converted to the
baryon-number asymmetry via the rapid sphaleron transitions. The necessary
CP-violating condition can be fulfilled by a purely thermal kinetic phase from
the wavefunction correction in the lepton-doublet sector, which has been
neglected in most leptogenesis-based setup. Furthermore, this condition
necessitates a preferred flavor basis in which both the charged-lepton and
neutrino Yukawa matrices are non-diagonal. To protect such a proper Yukawa
structure from the basis transformations in flavor space prior to the
electroweak gauge symmetry breaking, we can resort to a plethora of model
buildings aimed at deciphering the non-trivial Yukawa structures.
Interestingly, based on the well-known tri-bimaximal mixing with a minimal
correction from the charged-lepton or neutrino sector, we find that a
simultaneous explanation of the baryon-number asymmetry in the Universe and the
low-energy neutrino oscillation observables can be attributed to the mixing
angle and the CP-violating phase introduced in the minimal correction.Comment: 28 pages and 7 figures; more discussions and one figure added, final
version published in the journa
Two-probe study of hot carriers in reduced graphene oxide
The energy relaxation of carriers in reduced graphene oxide thin films is
studied using optical pump-probe spectroscopy with two probes of different
colors. We measure the time difference between peaks of the carrier density at
each probing energy by measuring a time-resolved differential transmission and
find that the carrier density at the lower probing energy peaks later than that
at the higher probing energy. Also, we find that the peak time for the lower
probing energy shifts from about 92 to 37 fs after the higher probing energy
peak as the carrier density is increased from 1.5E12 to 3E13 per square
centimeter, while no noticeable shift is observed in that for the higher
probing energy. Assuming the carriers rapidly thermalize after excitation, this
indicates that the optical phonon emission time decreases from about 50 to
about 20 fs and the energy relaxation rate increases from 4 to 10 meV/fs. The
observed density dependence is inconsistent with the phonon bottleneck effect.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure
Femtosecond Pump-Probe Studies of Reduced Graphene Oxide Thin Films
The dynamics of photocarriers in reduced graphene oxide thin films is studied
by using ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy. Time dependent differential
transmissions are measured with sample temperatures ranging from 9 to 300 K. At
each sample temperature and probe delay, the sign of differential transmission
remains positive. A fast energy relaxation of hot carriers is observed, and is
found to be independent of sample temperature. Our experiments show that the
carrier dynamics in reduced graphene oxide is similar to other types of
graphene, and that the differential transmission is caused by phase-state
filling of carriers.Comment: 3 pages, 3 figure
The long-lasting optical afterglow plateau of short burst GRB 130912A
The short burst GRB 130912A was detected by Swift, Fermi satellites and
several ground-based optical telescopes. Its X-ray light curve decayed with
time normally. The optical emission, however, displayed a long term plateau,
which is the longest one in current short GRB observations. In this work we
examine the physical origin of the X-ray and optical emission of this peculiar
event. We find that the canonical forward shock afterglow emission model can
account for the X-ray and optical data self-consistently and the energy
injection model that has been widely adopted to interpret the
shallowly-decaying afterglow emission is not needed. We also find that the
burst was born in a very-low density interstellar medium, consistent with the
compact object merger model. Significant fractions of the energy of the forward
shock have been given to accelerate the non-thermal electrons and amplify the
magnetic fields (i.e., and , respectively), which are much larger than those inferred in most short
burst afterglow modeling and can explain why the long-lasting optical afterglow
plateau is rare in short GRBs.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure
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